New York Agkicultueal Experiment Station. 275 



of them there was a narrowing upward extension of the injury as 

 shown in figure B on Plate XVI. In this instance the grower had 

 previously sent a man to clean out the wounds and paint them, but as 

 may be seen from this figure the injured bark had not all been re- 

 moved before paint was applied; at the upper and lower ends the 

 paint had been applied to the affected bark instead. The photo- 

 graph was taken after the additional dead bark was removed, thus 

 showing the result of careless work. 



A few Mcintosh, two Northern Spy and about 15 Baldwin trees 

 were also slightly injured. One Wealthy tree was completely girdled 

 and looked like the Hubbardston shown in figure C referred to above. 



The counts in this orchard seem also to indicate that the Hubbard- 

 ston is more susceptible than the Baldwin. Forty Hubbardstons 

 out of 100 were injured while only 15 out of 200 Baldwins were 

 affected. 



A Le Roy orchard. — A few miles from Le Roy is an apple orchard 

 which had been set 9 years, consisting of over 400 trees of several 

 varieties. It is a sod orchard but the trees had been growing at a 

 good rate. 



In the fall of 1906 the basal ends of the tree trunl^s had been in- 

 cased in veneer protectors about 51 cm. high, and they were not 

 removed until the spring of 1910. In 1908, 1909, 1910, and 1911 the 

 grower found some of the trunks with newly diseased areas of bark, 

 chiefly on the southwest side, from which discolored " sap " flowed 

 in the spring and again the following July of the same season. The 

 new cases of injury became evident in large numbers in the spring 

 of 1910, when the protectors were removed, and again in 1911. 



About 60 trees were found injured in 1910 and perhaps a similar 

 number in 1911, for the grower said that from June 24 to 26 he had 

 found the injury on 50 trees and by the last of July some additional 

 ones were noticed with discolored " sap " flowing from variously 

 discolored spots and areas of bark on the south and southwest sides. 



When the orchard was visited by the writer on August 7 the gen- 

 eral appearance of the newer, bleeding injuries as well as those which 

 had become circumscribed by rolls of healthy callus of from one to 

 three years' growth, was much like that of injuries studied in one of 

 the Barnes orchards and somewhat like that in the Coldwater 

 orchard. 



Small and irregular scattered groups of cortical cells and occa- 

 sionally patches of underlying phloem had evidently been injured, 

 and in many cases the injured spots and patches had become con- 

 fluent by the dying of the interspersed groups of live tissues; thus 

 resulting in irregular dead areas in the bark which in some cases, 

 where the underlying phloem had been injured, extended to the wood. 

 Figure B on Plate XVII shows an example on which most of the in- 

 jured and dead bark has been removed with a sharp knife. In this case 



