Kew York Agricultueal Experiment Station. 2H 



spots in the bark also contributes to the July period of exudation of 

 discolored " sap." It appears as though the high pressure forces it 

 out through the broken or dead tissues. 



Another Sodus orchard. — In a 5-acre apple orchard near Sodus 

 about 5 per ct, of the trees were found affected at the crown or 

 crotches or both, when visited on August 9. The ground is almost 

 level and exposed to the wind, and the soil is a clay loam which seems 

 fairly productive. It is cultivated and cropped. The trees had 

 been set two years and had made a good growth. They are of the 

 varieties Wolf River and Wealthy. 



The injury at the crowns had evidently been of the usual type, but 

 the injured and partially loose bark had all died. In most cases 

 but little regeneration occurred, although on a fevf trees the appear- 

 ance of unevenness due to regeneration was much like that in the 

 Clyde orchard described above. Only about half a dozen of them 

 were completely girdled at the crown and looked like that in figure C 

 on Plate XVI from an Interlaken orchard. Other affected trees were 

 chiefly less than half girdled and had normal colored leaves. 



But the most interesting phase of the injury on the trees of this 

 orchard was confined to the crotches of the main branches. Various 

 sized areas of dead bark were present in and around some crotches 

 of perhaps 15 per ct, of the trees. In some instances the outer bark 

 still appeared normal externally but when cut open the phloem region 

 was found of a rusty brown color and disorganized into a slimy mass. 

 In other cases the outer bark had just died and the whole affected 

 area had a dark brown color and contained dark " sap." Many of 

 the injured patches of bark had died and become dry and sunken 

 below the general bark surface. On two trees Sphasropsis pycnidia 

 had appeared on the dead bark. 



On quite a number of the crotch-injured trees one or more of the 

 most severely affected branches had died or were dying. The wood 

 underneath the bark of such crotch-girdled branches was much 

 stained; in fact in most cases where such a crotch-injured branch had 

 died or had yellow foliage, the entire wood cylinder under the affected 

 bark had become stained. The injury at the crowns was mainly 

 on the west side, but that in and around crotches was localized with 

 reference to the manner of branching. 



In a neighboring 3- to 4-year-old sour cherry orchard one of the 

 largest trees seemed to have the " yellows." Its foliage was said 

 to have had a normal color a month previous, but now it looked 

 bright yellow with here and there a tint of pink. On closer examina- 

 tion a slight enlargement was found on the stem about 7 cm. above 

 the ground; although the bark below the swelling appeared normal 

 it proved to be dead down to the ground, and the enlargement was 

 a callus growth along the upper edge of a dead girdle of bark, very 

 similar to the growths resulting on girdled young apple trees. The 



