ISTew York Agricultural Experiment Station. 813 



The nicotine preparations are very effective, especially when 

 combined with an oil emulsion which has a penetrating quality. 

 In 1911 three sprayings in a badly infested orchard, two applica- 

 tions on successive days and the third one two days later, re- 

 duced the numbers of thrips to a very small proportion of those 

 originally present. In these treatments, the nicotine preparations, 

 Black Leaf and Black Leaf 40, were used alone and each com- 

 bined with soap or with kerosene emulsion ; and there seemed 

 to be little difference in effectiveness. Each mixture destroyed 

 the insects it touched. Conditions were particularly favorable 

 for treatment this year, however, since the buds opened very 

 rapidly, allowing the spray mixtures to be forced into them more 

 readily than might be the case in cooler weather when the trees 

 bloomed more slowly. The thrips also probably came out within 

 a shorter period than in cooler years ; so that more of them were 

 caught by the three sprayings than would be when the emergence 

 was longer distributed. It is hoped, though, that two or at most 

 three thorough applications of nicotine and kerosene emulsion 

 made at short intervals with a heavy, driving spray, using 125-150 

 lbs. pressure, when the mature insects are seeking the buds, will 

 reduce them to a comparatively harmless number. 



Formulas. 



Spraying !• 



mixtures. Nicotine extract 2.7 per ct. (Black Leaf) 6 qts. 



Water 100 gals. 



Soap ' 2 to 5 lbs. 



or 



Kerosene emulsion * 3 gals. 



2. 



Nicotine extract 40 per ct. (Black Leaf 40) J to f pt. 

 Water 100 gals. 



Soap 2 to 5 lbs, 



or 

 Kerosene emulsion 3 gals. 



In spraying, two objects should be kept in mind 



Directions for — ( 1 ) to kill the winged thrips working in and 



spraying. about expanding buds and blossom clusters to 



prevent injury to the tender flower and leaf parts ; 



