133 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 



2 GEORGE V., A. 1912 



possible after the leaves fall in autumn, so that the loosened scales may be exposed 

 to the weather for a long time before the eggs hatch. 



4. The lime appears to have no injurious effect on the eggs within the scales. 



5. Lime used in various proportions in the several experiments had no apparent 

 injurous effect on apple or peach trees. Even when the leaf buds were opening, no 

 injury occurred. 



6. As the action of the lime seems to occur soon after the trees are sprayed, it is 

 not necessary to use any substance other than water to help bind it to the tree. On 

 the contrary it would appear that such substances counterbalance the effect of the 

 lime, for a time, by glueing the scales to the trees. 



7. It is important to use good stone lime, which has not been air-slacked. 



8. The most economical and satisfactory formula, so far, has been found to be 

 1 lb. lime, 1 gallon water, and 3J ozs. salt, or, for a barrel of mixture, 40 lbs. lime, 

 40 gallons water, 8 lbs. salt. This should be sprayed on the tree twice, the second 

 application being made as soon as the first is dry. The same proportions of lime and 

 water without the salt have given quite satisfactory results also, and the salt is not 

 necessary, but, when used, the bark of the trees was cleaner and brighter. 



9. It is necessary to make at least two applications, as those scales with which the 

 mixture does not come into contact will not be affected by it, hence it is not possible 

 to do the work thoroughly with one spraying. 



10. The bark of the trees sprayed with the lime mixture is much brighter afterwards 

 than on trees not sprayed, and it is possible that fungus germs are destroyed. 



It will be noticed that it is recommended to spray the trees in autumn in order 

 that the loosened scales may fall from the trees before the eggs are hatched. 



As lime-sulphur is now being used quite generally as a fungicide and insecticide 

 when the trees are dormant in early spring, it seemed desirable to learn what effect 

 it would have on the oyster shell scale, and, as the reports from its use elsewhere for 

 this purpose were not always favourable, an additional 20 lbs. of lime was added to 

 each barrel of commercial lime-sulphur, as recommended by Mr. Caesar, O.A.C, 

 Guelph, Ont. 



This mixture, which was sprayed on apple trees on April 15 and 22, 1910. 

 gave very satisfactory results, trees which had a large number of scales before the 

 application having but relatively few on January 20, 1911, when notes were taken on 

 the results. On trees sprayed with lime and water on April 20th and 22nd, in the 

 proportion of 1 lb. lime to 1 gallon of water, (two applications on the same day), 

 there was no apparent decrease in the number of scales, which shows the importance 

 of spraying with lime and water in the autumn, if that formula is to be effectual. 



LIME-SULPHUR FOR GOOSEBERRY MILDEW. 



For the third season, gooseberry bushes were sprayed with lime-sulphur for the 

 control of American Gooseberry Mildew, in 1910. Twenty-two varieties were sprayed, 

 on April 13, when the leaves were beginning to unfold, with lime-sulphur in the pro- 

 portion of 1 gallon to 9 gallons of water. In most cases five bushes were sprayed and 

 one not sprayed. As in the two previous seasons, the beneficial results from the spray- 

 ing were not marked. It would seem from our experiments that, if spraying with 

 lime-sulphur is to be effective at all, spraying in spring must be followed up by summer 

 sprays. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE. 



The importance of applying poison to potato plants to protect them from the 

 Colorado Potato Beetle is well known to every one who grows potatoes where this 

 in?ect is troublesome. It is also well kn.own that the larva? or young beetle? cat rapidly, 

 hence a poison must be applied as soon as the larvae appear and this poison must be 

 sufficiently powerful to kill and must be quick-acting. Farmers use Paris green in 



