362 Report of the Department of Entomology of the 



only in successive periods of growth by an increase in size and by 

 the appearance of wing pads (Fig. 36). 



Fig. 36. — Fifth Stage 

 Nymph. 



NATURE OF INJURY. 



The newly-hatched nymph (Fig. 35) attacks first the tender leaves 



of the pear, which become blackish about the points of injury. If 



feeding is extensive the margins of the leaf 

 become discolored and shrivel. The dead 

 areas later become detached from the healthy 

 tissues and cause the leaf to have an irregular 

 outline. The older nymphs (Fig. 4) attack 

 the young fruit, which is the principal injury 

 by this pest. The nymph thrusts its bill 

 or proboscis deeply into the substance of the 

 tiny pear, and when this is withdrawn drops 

 of sap flow from the puncture (Fig. 37). 

 With the drying of the 

 sap the injury appears 

 as a small blackish spot 

 or point. A single 

 nymph may stab a small 



pear many times, and while the initial wounds 



are at first slight and seemingly inconsequential 



they however produce a disfiguration which 



becomes increasingly prominent as the fruit 



increases in size (Fig. 38). Mature pears have 



the epidermis ruptured in spots while the pro- 

 truding exposed surfaces are mealy-like and 



light yellow in color, contrasting strongly with 



the normal exterior of the fruit. The pustular 



areas are hard and flinty and a knife cuts 



with difficulty through them. Pears that have 



been much punctured by this species are usually 



undersized and much deformed and present 



somewhat the appearance of a badly scabbed 



pear. (Plate XX.) All the leading sorts of pears are subject to 



injury. The extent of losses from the work of this insect varies 



in different orchards and according to the season. Some plantings 



are subject to more or less injury every year. In 1908 this insect 



Fig. 37. — Young Peak 

 with Sap Exuding 

 from Punctures. 



