New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 373 



in spring, a short time before the leaf buds burst, the hibernating 

 casebearers become active. They attack the growing buds, gnawing 

 the outer covering to feed on the tender tissues beneath. Later in 

 the season they feed upon the interior tissues of the leaf in the 

 same manner as a leaf miner. The larvae reach maturity and cease 

 feeding about the middle of June, and moths (Fig. 46) appear in 

 July. These deposit eggs from which larvae hatch. They feed 

 upon the foliage in late summer and with the approach of winter 

 attach their cases to the twigs. 



Treatment. — These insects rarely become destructive in orchards 

 that are systematically sprayed. The important treatment is the 

 application of an arsenical poison before blossoms open. If an 

 orchard is badly infested the grower should spray very thoroughly 

 and use arsenate of lead in larger amounts than is commonly em- 

 ployed. 



BUD MOTH. 

 Tmetocera ocellana Schiff. 



The larva of this insect hibernates over winter under a tiny shelter 

 on the young wood and in the spring it attacks the opening buds. 

 Later, when the leaves and blossoms unfold, it seeks the clusters, 

 forming a retreat in the webbed leaves. (Plate XXV, fig. 3.) By 

 reason of its destructiveness to buds and blossoms the bud moth is 

 during some seasons a serious pest. The caterpillar (Plate I, 

 fig. 2) is darkish red in color and pupates in June. The moth 

 (Fig. 47) makes its appearance about ten days later and soon after- 

 ward eggs are deposited for the next year's brood. From these 

 eggs caterpillars hatch which feed on the leaves till fall, when they 

 seek sheltered retreats for the winter. 



Treatment. — Systematic spraying with arsenicals each year will 

 control this species. The times for effective spraying are, first, as 

 the buds begin to expand and, second, when the leaves are fairly 

 out. 



LEAF-ROLLERS. 

 OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER, FRUIT-TREE LEAF-ROLLER, 



Archips rosaceana Harris. Archips argyrospila Walker. 



These are native insects that feed upon a variety of fruits, such 

 as apple, pear, peach, plum, and cherry. These insects also attack 

 various shade and forest trees. The leaf-rollers are very destructive 

 to fruit trees during some seasons because of their work on blossoms, 

 young fruits and foliage. The oblique-banded leaf-roller attacks 

 the young apples as soon as they set and continues feeding upon 

 them until the fruit attains nearly an inch in diameter. They eat 

 large round holes, sometimes extending to or even beyond the core. 



