rS7<» Report of the Department of Entomology of the 



often enter on the side of the fruit. They are full grown in twenty 

 to thirty days. When once within the fruit they usually remain 

 until ready to pupate. The cocoons are made in any convenient, 

 protected place, as under the loose bark of the trunk or larger branches 

 of the tree, or in nearby rubbish. Some of the caterpillars remain 

 in the cocoons over winter, while others soon transform to moths, 

 forming a more or less complete second brood of caterpillars. These 

 are sometimes very abundant in late summer and in autumn. The 

 adult is. a small brown moth measuring about three-fourths of an 

 inch from tip to tip when the wings are spread. (Fig. 48, b.) 



Treatment.— The most efficient means of control is an application 

 of arsenate of lead within one week after blossoming. The spray 

 should be directed downward into the blossom end of the young 

 apple. The calyx end of the fruit should be filled with poison before 

 the calyx lobes close, hence much pains should be taken to make at 

 least one thorough application 

 before that occurs. In addition 

 to the above treatment many 

 fruit-growers make an applica- 

 tion of lime-sulphur and arsenate 

 of lead to control the second 

 brood of larvae and to prevent 

 late infection of apple scab during 

 the latter part of July or early in 

 August, according to seasonal 

 conditions. 



Fig. 49. — Work of Lesser Apple Worm. 



LESSER APPLE WORM. 



Enarmonia prunivora "Walsh. 



The lesser apple worm is a native insect which feeds upon crab- 

 apples and wild haws and has recently attracted attention because 

 of its injury to apples. In some sections its work is equally important 

 with that of the codling moth, to which it is similar in habits and 

 nature of injury. The young caterpillars eat cavities or holes one- 

 fourth to one-half inch deep into the flesh, usually about the calyx 

 lobes. They may eat directly through the skin of the young fruit, 

 but more commonly the calyx cavity is the place of entrance. A 

 characteristic feature of their work is the winding blotch mine under 

 the skin of the apple. (Fig. 49.) The mines occur on the sides of the 

 apples, especially where two are in contact or where an apple is 

 touched by a leaf. Later in the season the injury to the blossom 

 end is about the same, though there is a tendency on the part of the 

 larva to penetrate deeper into the fruit, often to the core. The 

 surface injury is rather more common, the larva eating out just 

 under the skin large irregular winding or blotch mines. Larvse of 

 this species apparently do not reach full development as early in the 

 fall as those of the codling moth, and many find their way into 



