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over tuft of tall grass. The ordinary cover crops in the vineyard, 

 which remain green until late in the fall, do not appear attractive 

 to the hoppers as hibernating quarters. The figures given in the 

 two plates show types of grass and weed borders that were found 

 to shelter great numbers of the hoppers. The foot rule in some 

 of the figures shows how small these patches are, yet they were 

 marked centers of infestation. 



Especial attention should be given wild black- 

 Early feeding, berry and raspberry patches; for these are 

 favorite food plants of the insects, and carry 

 them over from their first appearance until the grape foliage has 

 made some little growth. Other food plants that should be 

 destroyed when practicable are wild strawberry, burdock, catnip 

 and Virginia creeper. The hoppers feed on these wild plants 

 until the middle of May or later, not passing to the vineyards 

 until the grape leaves are of considerable size. (See Plate IV, 

 fig. 1.) By June 1st, practically all of the insects have made 

 their way to the grape vines. 



Fortunately for the vineyardist the hoppers seem to prefer as 

 food, after they have attacked the grapes, the leaves low down on 

 the vines, particularly those on the suckers that are later removed. 

 Here, of course, their feeding does comparatively little harm. 

 These suckers should be removed, however, before spraying begins. 



Against the later attacks by the nymphs 

 Control spraying with nicotine is found very effective 



by spraying. if thoroughly done ; and the automatic " hop- 

 per " sprayer described in Bulletin 344 

 makes it possible to do effective work economically. This attach- 

 ment, on sprayers of many makes, has proven thoroughly practi- 

 cable ; though some care in driving is necessary to prevent bending 

 or even breaking the booms. In seven vineyards in which experi- 

 mental spraying was done, the hoppers were so well controlled that 

 the uniform green of the sprayed vines contrasted strongly with 

 the yellowish, sickly tinge of the vines not sprayed, either those 

 left as checks in the experimental vineyards or those in adjoining 

 untreated plantings. One spraying with Black Leaf 40, one part 

 to 1,600 parts of water, was sufficient to give good control of the 

 insects, even in two cases when the nymphs had reached the fifth 

 instar, or last stage before becoming adults. 



In some of the vineyards the vines appeared 

 Chance for yellowish, though the " hoppers " were well 

 wrong controlled, a condition which unfortunately 



diagnosis. prevailed in the Station experimental vine- 



yard at Fredonitt. This unhealthy condi- 



