750 Popular Editions of Station Bulletins of the 



in this herd for several years previous to 1908 showed that cost 

 to be steadily increasing so that in that year it was 2.09 cents per 

 quart. The producer must meet this expense and should be entitled 

 to 6 per ct. interest on his capital of $680 per cow. This adds 1.45 

 cents per quart, making 3.54 cents for two items only. If the dairy- 

 man gets only 3^ cents a quart for milk he must pay, from the veal 

 sold and the manure produced, a little loss on each quart of milk 

 as well as the expense for labor and supervision. At 4 cents a quart, 

 he has a margin of less than half a cent a quart, with the veal and 

 manure, to meet these necessary expenses and provide a profit. 

 The average producer " continues in business because he accepts 

 less than 6 per ct. upon his capital invested. His financial salvation 

 depends upon increasing the productivity of his land to the point 

 where it takes less than five acres to support a cow and increasing 

 the productivity of his cows so that they will produce more than 

 2,800 quarts per year. A part of the solution of his difficulties lies 

 in the possibility of an increased wholesale price for his product." 



Even with a fair wholesale price for his product the dairyman 



must handle each detail of his equipment with an eye to economy 



if profit is to be secured. If there be enforced upon 



Expensive him a demand for a product better than the average, 



to make a product made and handled under good sanitary 



sanitary conditions, his expenses must necessarily rise and 



milk. his margin of profit be lessened or disappear unless 



he receives for the better product a correspondingly 



higher price. To assure the producer of a price corresponding to 



the nutritive and sanitary quality of his product is the best means 



of securing improvement. 



This was very strikingly shown in Bulletin 337 of this Station. In 

 that Bulletin are given the details of a movement , in the 

 Publicity city before referred to, to secure a better milk supply. 

 and price By the passage of certain ordinances, supervision 

 control raise of the city milk supply was given to the Board of 

 quality. • Health, which was authorized to have the dairies 

 supplying milk to the city inspected and to publish 

 quarterly reports upon their condition. A sanitary inspector was 

 appointed to make the inspections, using as his guide the Cornell 

 University dairy score card; and the ratings of the points on the 

 cards were made by the Station bacteriologist, as a member of the 

 Board of Health. Influenced by publicity alone, the sanitary con- 

 ditions of the dairies improved; and when, a little later, the milk 

 handlers of the city united and agreed to pay producers for the 

 milk according to ratings based on the official score cards, advance- 

 ment was rapid. " Poor milk," that is, milk from dairies scoring 

 below 400 score card points, was not accepted at all; for " medium " 

 milk, from dairies scoring 4C0 to 450 points, 3 cents a quart was to 

 be paid; for " good " milk (450 to 480 points) the price was to be 



