382 REroRT of the Entomologists of the 



pillars spin a rather delicate web over the leaves upon which they 

 are feeding. As the caterpillars live in colonies these webs some- 

 times become quite large and unsightly. The insect passes the 

 winter in the pupa stage, the moths emerging in the spring. The 

 adults are white or slightly necked with color. 



While this species seldom becomes so abundant in the orchard 

 as the apple tree tent caterpillar, it not infrequently does serious 

 injury when not promptly checked. 



BIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 



The following list is intended to contain only the more impor- 

 tant papers relating to the apple tree tent caterpillar. A large 

 number of compiled and popular articles are purposely omitted. 



1826. Harris, T. W. N. Eng. Farmer, 4: 354. Treats of orchard tent- 

 caterpillars. 



1830. Harris, T. W. N. Eng. Farmer, 9: 1, 2. 



1843. Gaylord, W. Trans. N. Y. State Agrl. Soc, 3: 127-174. Consid- 

 ered one of the most important of orchard insects; life history briefly given. 

 Remedies destroying nests and caterpillars with lye, whitewash, poles 

 with bushes or cobs attached, whale oil, soap suds, burning off the nests 

 with gunpowder, crushing the worms while in the nest. The last-named 

 method especially recommended. 



1852. Harris, T. W. Harris' Treatise on Insects, pp. 285-291. Life his- 

 tory and habits, with remedial measures. Proposes specific name. 



1856. Fitch, Asa. Noxious Insects of N. Y. Repts. 1 and 2, pp. 181-197. 

 Classification and history, detailed description of various stages, full notes 

 on life history, together with remedies. 



1860. Fitch, Asa. Trans. N. Y. State Agrl. Soc, 19: 595. Briefly men- 

 tioned in a popular address. 



1865. Packard, A. S. Prac. Ent. 1: 14-15. Notes on an egg parasite 

 of C. americana. 



1866. Walsh, B. D. Prac. Ent., 1: 46. Food plants of C. americana. 

 Ibid, p. 78. Hemitcles sp., Mesiagastes sp., bred from cocoons 



attached to eggs of C. americana. 



1867. Walsh, B. D. Prac. Ent., 2: 72. Egg mass described and food 

 plants of C. americana, and C. sylvatica given. 



Ibid, p. 117, mentions scarcity of C. americana in 1867 and at- 

 tributes it to egg parasites. 



Ibid, p. 119, records finding eggs of C. americana on sugar maple. 



Ibid, p. 121, records injury to pear tree by O. americana. 

 1869. Walsh and Riley. Amer. Ent., 1: 208. Describes early stages 

 and adult and discusses remedial measures. 



