142 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 



4 GEORGE V., A. 1914 



This is a typical grain-farming rotation, except that manure is applied every four 

 years. The first crop of wheat is sown on summer-fallowed land. After the crop is 

 harvested the land is manured in the fall and then ploughed. A sec and crop of wheat 

 is then sown. The stubble is ploughed in the fall, if possible, and a crop of oats is 

 grown the following year. The land is summer-fallowed in the fourth year, in pre- 

 paration for wheat again. The soil on which this rotation is located is a black loam, 

 varying from clayey to sandy. Operations were commenced on this rotation in 1910, 

 and it has been in full operation in 1911 and 1912. 



Rotation ' E' (four years' duration). 



First year. — Wheat. 

 Second year. — "Wheat. 

 Third year. — Oats. 

 Fourth year. — Summer-fallow. 



This is identically the same rotation as ' D,' except that no manure is applied at 

 any time. It is the same rotation as used by many of the best grain farmers in 

 Manitoba. The operations have been exactly the same as on ' D,' except for the appli- 

 cation of manure. The land is the same as ' D,' each field lying contiguous to the 

 corresponding field in ' D.' 



Rotation 'F' (five years' duration). 



First year. — Wheat. 



Second .year. — Wheat. 



Third year — Corn or roots. Manured preceding fall. 



Fourth year. — Oats or barley. Seeded with grass and clover. 



Fifth year. — Clover hay. 



This is a mixed-farming rotation for conditions where there is such a sufficiency of 

 permanent pasture that it does not have to be included in the rotation. It provides 

 hay and corn or roots, for stock, and substitutes the latter crops for summer-fallow. 

 It produces a crop, on every field, every year. It gives two-fifths of the land to 

 wheat. 



The first year, wheat is sown on the clover sod of the former fifth year. After the 

 wheat is taken off, the land is fall ploughed. Wheat is sown again the second year. 

 The land is then manured in the fall, and either fall or spring ploughed. The third 

 year corn is planted, and the land is kept clean by frequent intertillage. Barley or 

 oats is sown the fourth year on the corn stubble, without ploughing. Along with the 

 barley or oats is sown a mixture of '•'> pounds of timothy, 5 pounds of western rye 

 grass and 8 pounds of red clover per acre. The fifth year, a crop of hay. largely clover, 

 is harvested. As soon as the hay is off, the land is ploughed, and worked up for the 

 wheat of the first year again. 



The soil on which this experiment is located is black loam and is mostly of a 

 fairly heavy clay mixture. This rotation was begun in 1910, and by this year (1912), 

 was almost in full operation. The only exception was a piece of three acres in the field 

 allotted to corn; this piece was rather bad with couch grass, and was given an excep- 

 tionally thorough summer-fallowing in an effort to get rid of this pest. 



