REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTAXIST 239 



SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 



the debris. The Hazeltine moth trap, so much advertised, has not given good results. 



The Oyster-shell Bark-louse (Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouche, = M. 

 ulmi, L.) is still a persistent enemy in all parts of the country, and at- 

 tacks many kinds of trees and shrubs. The remedy is spraying when the 

 young emerge in the first week of June in Ontario, and as late as the 

 third weeek in June in the Maritime Provinces, with kerosene emulsion 

 or whale-oil soap. Spraying infested trees with a wash made by dissolv- 

 ing 1 lb. of concentrated lye in from 3 to 6 gallons of water, which 

 is frequently recommended, has not given me satisfactory results in con- 

 trolling the Oyster-shell Bark-louse. Mr. Macoun, the Horticulturist of 

 the Central Experimental Farm, has been very successful in clearing 

 the apple orchard at Ottawa from this troublesome pest by spraying with 

 a lime wash and at the same time giving high cultivation to maintain the 

 fertility of the soil and invigorate the trees. Pie sprayed the trees in 

 autumn or early in winter with a whitewash made with one or two pounds 

 of fresh lime to each gallon of water. As soon as the first coat had dried, 

 Fig. 12. — a second one was applied. During the winter the lime flakes off the bark 



Twig infested and carries with it the scales which have previously been loosened by this 



Sen °B S ark- alkaline application 



louse. 



Cankerworms (Anisopteryx). — These caterpillars have been very destructive in 

 western Ontario in 1901. Mr. George E. Eisher considers them among the worst 



pests of the season. Mr. Woolverton speaks 

 of them in the same terms. Orchards have also 

 been defoliated in Quebec and Nova Scotia. 

 The remedies for these insects are early spray- 

 ing, just after the blossoms have all fallen, and 

 banding threatened trees in autumn and spring, 

 with one of the mechanical tree protectors or 

 with adhesive mixtures, either directly on the 

 trees or on bands of coarse paper tacked closely 

 and firmly around the trunk. For spraying, 

 1 lb. Paris green, 1 lb. fresh lime and 1G0 gal- 

 lons of water will answer, and, if applied while 

 the young caterpillars are small, will destroy 

 them surely. The method of applying the ad- 

 hesive mixture is explained fully in my report for 1895. The best mixtures are (1) 

 printers' ink, 5 lbs. and fish oil, 1 gallon, which will treat about one acre of orchard. 

 (2) a. For cold weather, castor oil, 2 lbs., common resin, 3 lbs. h. For warm weather, 

 castor oil, 2 lbs., resin, 4 lbs. Heat slowly until the resin is all melted and apply 

 warm. (Mr. O. T. Springer's receipt.) Mr. George E. Fisher, of Freeman, uses prac- 

 tically the same materials but prepares them rather differently. He says : ' For use 

 against the Cankerworm in warm weather 1 

 use castor oil and resin (5 lbs. of resin and 

 3 lbs. of castor oil, and in cold weather, 

 equal parts of all by weight). A little ex- 

 perience is necessary to determine just what 

 proportions will suit the prevailing weather 

 conditions, but they will vary between these 

 limits. The rough bark should be carefully 

 removed at a convenient height before apply- 

 ing the mixture. The first application will 

 not remain sticky very long, being appar- 



Fig. 13. — The Fall Cankerworm ; a, 

 egg ; 6, end view of egg ; e, mas3 

 of eggs ; f, caterpillar ; c, d, seg- 

 ments of f ; g, pupa of female — a, b, 

 c, d, enlarged. 



Fig. 14. — The Fall Cankerworm ; a. male 

 moth ; b, female moth ; c, joints of an- 

 tenna of b ; (1, abdominal segment of b ; 

 —c and d, enlarged. 



