1020 New York State Dairymen's Association 



crushed or broken stone, and then a layer of paint or asphalt will 

 complete the insulation. There are many ways of insulating. 

 Concrete is not so good a conductor as many of us think. 



Voice : Are many floors spoiled by putting salt on to melt the 

 ice ? AVould not that sjioil the (dement t We lost two floors in suc- 

 cession in the milk room, as we thought by using salt on ice 

 around the drain hole to melt the ice. 



Mr. Ross: I have not had any experience in the use of salt. 

 It is one of the ways commonly used in working cement in 

 cold weather, putting salt into the mixture. I do not favor it. 

 While a small proportion will not weaken the wall, it will make 

 a discolored wall ; the moisture coming out brings salt with it and 

 streaks it. In cold weather I prefer heating up the water and the 

 sand. 



Voice : Please explain how to get around the door proposition 

 with the monolithic silo. 1 understood you to sav vou would have 

 continuous doors and run the reinforcing rods across. 



Mr. Ross : The doors should open on the inside. On the in- 

 side of the wall we have our form frames so that they taper in and 

 can be taken out. On the inside of this frame we put two-by-four 

 forms with screws right through the door frame. On the inside 

 of that, flush with the inside of the frame, we put a one by three 

 inch strip. When these are removed the shoulders are left, 

 first, for inch boards which press against the concrete and are 

 flush with the inside, and second, for two-inch matched plank 

 which are four inches shorter and fit the second groove left by the 

 two by four forms. Between the boards and plank we use a layer 

 of tarred paper, making the opening air and water tight. In 

 front of the shoulder there should be one of the reinforcing ver- 

 tical rods. 



Voice: Do you advocate placing reinforcing rods up and 

 down ? 



Mr. Ross: I am in favor of using rods. The horizontal we 

 space one foot apart; the vertical, two and one-half feet apart. 

 The total cost of rcinfurcinu- a silo with tliree-eiii'litlus to one-half 

 inch rods is $10 to $18. Tlicy will stand the ])ressure of a thou- 

 sand pounds per square foot at the l)ottom, and it is seldom we 

 have over three to four hundred thousand pounds. We use a 

 twisted rod, made purposely. 



