1346 Department of Agriculture 



fourth. The selection of varieties is important. They mnst be 

 not only sucli as are suitable to sii})plj the markets, but they must 

 be adapted to the location, elevation, soil or environment to secure 

 best results. The J:>aldwin apple will fail in certain " cold " 

 sections where the Wealthy or Oldenberg varieties will succeed. 

 Clapps pear will thrive where the Bartlett will winter kill; and 

 in a like manner there is much to learn relative to the adaptation 

 of both species and varieties. Much information on this subject 

 is available and is a matter of common knowledge among the 

 fruit growers. 



Fifth. Following fall or spring planting, as the case may be, 

 suitable cultivation should bo given to promote the growth of 

 the young trees. They must be protected from the attacks of 

 mice and rabbits in the winter, and throughout the growing season 

 every year they must be properly sprayed with suitable solutions 

 to destroy various insect pests, and to prevent the attacks of 

 destructive or injurious fungous diseases. The Department has 

 issued bulletins on these subjects and practically every hindrance 

 to full development of the trees is subject to control. When the 

 trees come into bearing special attention should be given to the 

 spray operations if success is to be attained. The larva of the 

 moth which is the principal cause of wormy apples is subject to 

 control if spraying is done at the right time. The leaf eating 

 caterpillars, such as have been so abundant this spring, are very 

 easily destroyed if trees are sprayed according to the formulas 

 given by the Department. It is gratifying to know that not- 

 withstanding the great outbreak of the apple tent-caterpillar this 

 year, those who have followed the directions issued by the De- 

 partment early in the season have entirely succeeded in saving 

 the foliage on their trees. Those who failed to carry out the in- 

 structions for spraying with two pounds of arsenate of lead to 

 fifty gallons of water as soon as the growth began, have in many 

 instances over a wide portion of the State, lost all the foliage on 

 their trees. This will not only result in the loss of fruit this 

 year but has already prevented the formation of fruit buds for 

 next year's crop. In the month of May a notice was sent out to 

 six hundred papers in the State advising orchardists to spray in 

 season. If this had been generally done, the Department would 



