Land Drainage in New York 



1667 



of the main so that the water from the hiteral will have a slight 

 drop. The grade of the last few feet of the lateral drain may need 

 to be increased to secure this construction. It is a good plan to use 

 junction tile which have the proper size of connection. For exam- 

 ple, a 10-inch by 4-inch junction means a ten-inch tile which is cut 

 to receive a four-inch lateral. If the junction is made by cutting 

 the tile with a trowel by hand, the union should be well bedded in 

 cement after first laying around the tile a single layer of paper to 

 prevent the cement from running into the tile. 



CONSTRUCTION OF TRENCHES 



Short ditches may be dug by hand using spade, pick and shovel. 

 The lack of adequate help often makes it difficult to get extensive 

 drainage systems con- 

 structed in this way. 

 The use of horse and 

 machine powers reduces 

 the difficulty of construc- 

 tion somewhat. If the 

 land is very stony or full 

 of roots, hard lalior must 

 be employed perhaps with 

 the use of d\Tiamite. On 

 land that is not too stony 

 the ditching plow drawn 

 by one or more teams is 

 very helpful. There are 



• 



a number of plows on the 



market for this purpose 



that are very useful. Xext 



in complexity is the large 



ditching plow equipped 



with wheels and drawn 



by several teams which 



tear up the soil and elevate it out of the ditch. There are two or 



three machines of this type such as the Cyclone, and the Bennett. 



Finally there is the large engine-driven ditching tractor of which 



the Buckeye is the best known type on l^ew York farms. 



Fig. 112. Opening a Ditch With a Plow. 



