Some Insects of the Apple and Their Control 1733 



portance is really comparatively few. With these the orchardist 

 should become acquainted — to the extent at least of being fa- 

 miliar with their appearances, habits and the stages most sensitive 

 to treatment. Such knowledge is a great advantage, for thus 

 fortified, it is not only possible to anticipate outbreaks by in- 

 jurious insects, but if compelled to resort to repressive measures 

 one may work so much more effectively. In warfare with insects 

 " knowledge is power " as in other matters. "To be forewarned is 

 indeed to be forearmed." " Thrice armed is he who hath his 

 quarrel just; and four times is he who gets his blow in fust." 



Formidable as is the list of insecticides, the spraying of apples 

 is now largely limited to the lime-sulphur solution, which may also 

 be used as the carrier of other useful materials, as arsenate of lead 

 and tobacco extract. So it is possible by combining such insecti- 

 cides to " Hit many birds with one stone " and to limit spraying 

 to a few treatments. 



This discussion has been prepared with the view of affording 

 practical aid to the apple grower in his contest with destructive 

 insects. The more important species only are considered, which 

 should be recognizable by the accompanying illustrations. There 

 is also included a brief outline of the principal sprayings of the 

 apple. However, it should be understood that insects and diseases 

 vary greatly in destructiveness from one year to another according 

 to seasonal conditions. This spraying schedule should therefore 

 be used with discretion. If a disease or insect is of special im- 

 portance in one's plantings the grower should familiarize himself 

 with special publications on the subject. 



some insects of the apple 



For the sake of clearness a number of the more important in- 

 sects attacking the apple are discussed in the following order: 



Insects attacking the trunk: The Round-Headed Borer 



The Flat-Headed Borer 



Insects incrusting the bark: The San Jose Scale 



The Oyster-Shell Scale 

 The Scurfy Scale 



