Some Insects of the Apple and Their Control 1737 



the scurfy scale 



This somewhat resembles the oyster-shell scale, but is easily dis- 

 tinguished from it by its greater breadth and white color. When 

 present in large numbers it is very conspicuous by its contrast with 

 the dark bark. It is common upon apple, pear and quince. 



REMEDIES 



To combat the San Jose scale the grower should apply lime- 

 sulphur solution late in the fall or preferably early in the spring 

 just before the leaves commence to show. The concentrated solu- 

 tion testing 82° to 34° B. should be diluted in the proportion of 

 one gallon to eight or nine gallons of water. Successive years' 

 spraying with the lime-sulphur mixture as indicated above will 

 also free the trees of the oyster-shell scale and the scurfy scale. 

 These latter species may also be efficiently controlled by applying 

 one pound of fish-oil soap dissolved in five gallons of water, or 

 kerosene emulsion diluted with eight parts of water, about the 

 middle of June as the young scales hatch. 



Insects that Attack the Fruit 



the codling moth 



The codling moth is responsible for " wormy " apples. It is one 

 of the worst pests against which fruit growers have to contend 

 and causes an immense yearly loss in the apple crop of this state. 



The damage to the fruit is done by a worm or caterpillar of a 

 small moth known as the codling moth. There are two broods of 

 worms. The first brood appears in early summer, while the 

 second brood is active during the late summer. The worms of the 

 first brood are hatched from tiny disk-like eggs, laid on the trees 

 by the parent moths, on or near young apples, hatching two or 

 three weeks after the trees have blossomed. The young worm 

 crawls to the blossom end of the apple and burrows into the 

 interior of the young fruit, feeding as it goes. After feeding for 

 two or three weeks the worm leaves the apple and spins a cocoon 

 under the rough bark of the trees or under adjacent rubbish. 

 Within this cocoon it changes to a pupa, and later to a moth, which 

 is the codling moth of the second brood. In the latitude of Geneva 

 ±Ke second brood of moths appears during the latter part of July 



