1754 Report of Farmers' Institutes 



plish. Cutting, raking and burning wild carrot just before seeds 

 are formed does niucli to reduce it, but unfortunately there are 

 always enough lower branches that escape to produce sufficient 

 seed to keep up the succession. 



Herbaceous perennials. Troublesome as are the annual and 

 biennial weeds, the herbaceous perennials constitute a larger class 

 and are still more difficult to control because the root persists year 

 after year and in many cases is so hardy as to resist destruction 

 by the ordinary methods of tillage. 



Conspicuous among perennials in New York are ox-eye daisy, 

 buttercup, plantain, buckhorn or narrow-leaved plantain, dando- 



^WP?^^' 



Fig. 143. Field of Oats on Farm of Frank Pinney, Stafford, N. Y. 

 Dark Strip Sprayed with Sulphate of Iron ; White Strip 

 Unsprayed 



lion, paint brush or hawk weed, quack grass, wild morning-glory, 

 yellow rocket or Indian cross, dock, golden-rod, milkweed, butter 

 and eggs or toad-flax, mallow, Canada thistle, common thistle, 

 brakes or ferns, horse-radish, live-for-ever. 



Besides their habit of producing seed abundantly, paint brush, 

 quack grass and wild morning-glory multiply also by underground 

 stems; while yellow rocket, dock, (/'aiiada thistle, horse-radish, and 

 live-for-ever have hardy, fleshy roots that are not much disturbed 

 by plowing. In fact plowing simply ser\'cs to multiply some of 

 them, as each broken piece if not destroyed becomes a new plant. 



Good farming (which means thorough ]ireparation of the soil 

 and thorough intertillage in case of crops grown in rows, or a 

 dense, vigorous growth of broadcasted crops) will usually keep 



