1772 



Keport of Farmers' Institutes 



two organizations were merged into one and the name Holstein- 

 Friesiau adopted as a compromise — a rather cumbersome and 

 meaningless name. The Ijreed has l)ecome very widely distributed 

 throughout the worhl, but especially in America. 



The Ilolstein has some clearly marked characteristics that set 

 her off from other breeds and for some purposes give lier a place 

 all her own. Her size is by far the largest of all the milk breeds, 

 the mature cows if well developed frequently weighing from 1 ,200 

 to 1,300 pounds; while bulls of from l,800to 2,000pounds are not 

 uncommon. The color is always black and white but occasionally 

 animals are very nearly pure white and conversely some are nearly 

 black, but the black must not extend to the hoofs. The form in 



the best specimens is an 



extreme example of the 



milk type with angular 



^^-^— ^^^ - ■ conformation, great de- 



^^^^^^E^^^^^^H^^ enormous 



' wfif^^mKfwf aiid milk veins and an 



abdomen that shows 

 wonderful digestive ca- 

 pacity. The head should 

 be lean and the jaw 

 lono; between the muzzle 

 and the anole of the 

 eye — as distinguished 

 from the triangular sliapcd head of the Jersey. The withers in 

 cows of pronounced milking tendency are sometimes very thin and 

 sharp, and this together with the prominent hip bones sometimes 

 gives them an appearance of coarseness. As seen in the stables of 

 good breeders, however, they carry enough flesh to take away this 

 impression. The rump should bo long and level, and an unusual 

 width across the hookbones is a distinctive breed characteristic. 

 The hide has rarely tlie mellowness and elasticity of the Channel 

 Island breeds. The muzzle may be dark or light or mottled Avitli 

 patches of l)oth colors. The horns are usually white tipped with 

 black and ought not to be corrrse or spreading. No cow has greater 

 feeding capacity than the Ilolstein and no calf has greater vigor 



Fig 



102. HoLSTEiN Cow, Owned by R. F. 

 Seelev, \\atekl()o. X. Y. 



