1776 Report of Farmers' Institutes 



ribs well sprung, the legs short and the wedge shape is pronounced 

 but the hind quarters are frequently too beefy to please the man 

 accustomed to the extreme dairy type. They are said by butchers 

 to make very satisfactory carcasses of beef, not carrying the yellow 

 fat of the Channel Island breeds nor the coarseness and offal of the 

 Ilolstein. It is not too much to say that the udders on the average 

 are the most perfect of any breed, being very broad and symmet- 

 rical with exceptionally well placed teats and carried well up 

 against the body both forward and behind, but the fault of two 

 small teats is not infrequent. The xVyrshire head is most unmis- 

 takable for its proud carriage and the erect black-tipped horns 

 which tend to turn backward. The colors are white, mottled or 

 flecked with red or brown ; the proportion of each color is irregular, 

 animals nearly pure white or red or brown being admissible. 



The Ayrshire is not typically a butter cow ; her milk is higher 

 in fat than the Ilolstein, but fully 1 per cent, below that of the 

 Channel Island cattle. She has been regarded as peculiarly satis- 

 factory in the cheese districts. 



The breed has an Advanced Registry Record, and milk yields 

 exceeding 12,000 pounds are not uncommon. 



The breed has a reputation for hardiness and an ability to give 

 profitable returns on rough upland pastures. It is said that in 

 Scotland she is called the " Poor Man's Cow." 



The Ayrshire temperament is nervous and the bulls are often 

 said to incline to viciousness more than other breeds. 



THE JERSEY 



The Jersey takes her name from the island on which she was 

 originated. The Island of Jersey lies only fourteen miles off the 

 coast of France and has less than 29,000 acres of land, yet is said 

 to nuiintain about 40,000 cattle to say nothing of growing vast 

 auiounts of trucking crops for the Fnglisli markets. It is re- 

 markable that this little group of islands have given the world 

 two of its most widely known breeds of cattle. 



Some Jersey or Alderney cows were brought to Pennsylvania 

 as early as 1818. Beginning about 1850 they were imported in 

 considerable numbers and the American Jersey Cattle Club — 

 the present record organization — was founded and began its 

 work in 1868. 



