1822 Report of Faumers' Institutes 



From this time, Mr. Dawson says, no outside blood has been intro- 

 duced into the Poland-China breed and the main effort of the 

 breeder has been to intensify and fix the color and type. The 

 Poland-China of todav, as we all know, is black with six white 

 points, an ear that is two-thirds erect and one-third dropping. 



At present there are two distinct types of the Poland-China 

 breed. Some breeders have for some years soniiht to develop qual- 

 ity, early maturity and smoothness of form and have followed this 

 standard to such an extent that this strain became smaller in size, 

 shorter of body and less prolific and less valuable for pork produc- 

 tion. Other breeders, noting these tendencies, have been breeding 

 for size, scale and prolificacy without regard to many of the fancy 

 points, with the result that they have secured hogs of enormous size 

 but somewhat lacking in quality. 



The Poland-China breed of the finer type is smooth with thick 

 broad sides ; broad, heavy hams extending well down on the hock, 

 the legs short, set well apart ; the tail fine, the head broad, slightly 

 dished face tapering gradually to end of nose which is of medium 

 length, back broad and straight or slightly arched, neck short and 

 wide. The large type of Poland-China is longer in body and also 

 longer in the legs with a heavier ear. With greater size, the flesh 

 is coarser grained and hence not so good in quality. 



The Poland-'China belongs primarily to the fat producing type 

 of swine, its phlegmatic temperament rendering it averse to much 

 activity. For this reason, it ranks high in pork and lard produc- 

 tion. However, some families have been developed for bacon pro- 

 duction with a degree of success. 



CHESTER WHITE 



Uncertainty shadows the early history of the Chester White, 

 although wc know it to be of American origin with Chester 

 County, Pennsylvania, for its birthplace. Being one of the oldest 

 distinct breeds of swine in America, it is without doubt a result 

 of crossinij between some of the native white hoe's of Pennsvl- 

 vania, the old Ik'dfordshirc and other white swine imported from 

 England about 1818. These were generally white in color, al- 

 though some had black or blue spots. By careful development, 

 a type white in color and free from spots was obtained, but they 



