10 MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



For dress, skins of deer and birds as well as fabrics woven of vegetable 

 fibre were used, as is testified by frjifiiiieiits preserved by the dry 

 climate. Ked and yellow ochre and blue i)aint for decorating the body, 

 head scratchers, hair ornaments, nose bars and ear pendants, were 

 used for adornment, as well as copper, bone and shell beads and the 

 I)erforated teeth and claws of animals. Irridescent abalone shells 

 of the coast had been imported and made into ornaments. 



For gambling dice similar to those still made of the beaver teeth, 

 and tubes resembling the modern gambling implements of the region 

 were found. Large pecten shells perforated like those used for rattles 

 in the dances of the coast, had penetrated to this inland region. The 

 pipes were made of steatite, of the shape of a wine glass, and were 

 decorated by incised designs which the modern Indians interpret as 

 representing guardian spirits. These tubular pipes and the stone 

 mortars resemble those found to the southward as far as California. 



The art of the peo[>le, although most charactt^ristically shown by the 

 engraved designs on the pipes and digging stick handles, reached its 

 excellence in the sculptured war clubs, which most nearly resembles 

 coast art. 



The prehistoric culture of this region resembles that of the present 

 natives, some of whom still use stone implements. The present pipe, 

 however, is not tubular but crooked like the elbow of a stovepipe. The 

 recent arrow jioint is smaller, and the modern Indian believes the large 

 ones were made in a mythical period before the time of man. Although 

 these changes have come, yet the Indians can still Explain the old 

 incised designs. There is found evidence of only one culture and type 

 in this region. 



The dependence on many resources instead of relying upon a few. the 

 circular form of the lodgv, the arrow shaft smoothers, incised designs, 

 chipped points and practice of burying the dead in isolated graves or 

 in small cemeteries show afiiliations to the plains. The tubular pi])e 

 and stone mortar show contact with the culture of California and the 

 interior of Oregon. These altiliations differentiate the culture from that 

 of the coast, but the sea shells, bone of the whale, beaver teeth diet, 

 rubbed slate points and fish knives, and the sculjtture shows contact with 

 the coast culture. The tlexed ])osition of the skeletons in the graves 

 resembles the posture of those found in the graves of the Lillooet val- 

 ley, the shell heaps of the Frazer delta, and the cairns of southeastern 

 Vancouver island. As on the coast the ])0tter's art was not practiced 

 nor has a single specimen of it been found in the entire region. On the 

 whole the culture must be classed with that of the plains rather than 

 with that of the northwest coast. 



