BAKER ON MILK OF TUBERCULOUS COWS. 73 



seven (=8..T per rent) proved to be tnbereulous on f?ninea-i)if; inocula- 

 tion, and 28 samples of 'railway' or 'country' milk, of which five (=17.8 

 l)er cent) were infective, were examined, while durin*;- 1809 to the end of 

 June, of 75 samples of 'town' and 03 samples of 'railway' milk 0.6 per 

 cent of the formei- and 17.4 per cent of the latter i)roved to be tuber- 

 culous. These results indicate the effects (as compared with country 

 j)laces) of better sanitation in the cowsheds, sliippons, and dairy premises 

 in large towns, enforced by local by-laws ensuring better ventilation, 

 spacing, cleanliness, and regular inspection.''* 



****** 



(loing back now and beginning at a time before the discovery of the 

 bacillus, — "In 1880 Jiollingcrj by inoculation experiments found the 

 milk of a cow with tuberculosis of the udder to be infective, as also that 

 of another case of tuberculosis witliout lesion of the udder. * * * 

 Ilirschbergert asserts from his experiments (20 cases with 11 ])ositive 

 results) that milk may be infective when only a small lesion occurs in 

 the lung. Ernst§ examined 114 samples of milk from 30 tuberculous 

 cows showing no udder lesion and 28.57 per cent proved to be infective; 

 Smith and Schroder^ found the milk infective in two cases out of six 

 tuberculous animals with no udder lesion, and Schroder later found 

 the same in two sami^les of milk from 31 tuberculous cases. Del6pine|| 

 proved the presence of tuberculosis in the milk of two cases out of six 

 wliicli had reacted to tuberculin and showed clinically more or less 

 evidence of the disease. In these two cases the udders showed lesions 

 microscopically. Later he examined the milk of 24 suspicious udders"** 

 with the result that samples of milk of the 10 cows whose udders were 

 ''certainly diseased," 5 or 50 per cent produced tuberculosis; and of the 

 9 ^'probably diseased,'' 1 or 11.1 per cent produced tuberculosis; while 

 of the samples of milk from five "healthy" cows, none produced tuber- 

 culosis.** 



At the recent meeting of the Michigan State Veterinary Medical Asso- 

 ciation, February 0, 1900, a prominent member from Detroit men- 

 tioned that he had been called by a leading citizen of Detroit because of 

 the death of a number of Jersev calves. Because of his knowledge that 

 tuberculous cows lose their calves, the veterinarian suspected tuber- 

 culosis in the cows, and tested them. Of 27 fine looking cows 13 reacted 

 to the tuberculin test, and were, therefore, tuberc^ulous; and of the 13, 

 nine had lost calves; post-mortem examination of tlie dead calves 

 revealed tuberculosis as the cause of death. Fourteen calves 7 to 14 

 weeks old died in that herd, which was supplying milk to the people of 

 Detroit. Only about half the cows in that herd were tuberculous; 

 therefore the tuberculous milk would perhaps be diluted with an 

 equal quantity of uninfected milk; but if so deadly to the calves, should 

 it not, even if mixed with an equal amount of uninfected milk, be 

 rejected as food for human infants? 



* Lancet, London, Jan. -JO, 1900, pp. 159-160. — II. E. Annett, M. I)., Vict. D. P. H. 

 .t Aerztliches Intelligenzblatt. 1S80, p. 409. 

 t Archiv f iir Klinische Medicin, 1889. 



S Amerirau Journal of the Medical Sciences. November. 1889. 



1i U. S. Dept. of Agri.. Bureau An. Ind. : Bull. 3, 1893, p. 60; Bull. 7, 1894, p. 75. 

 1 1 Journal of Comparative Pathology, 1897, p. 192. • 

 ** Lancet, London, Jan. 20, 1900, p. 160. 



10 



