'390 lioAici) OK A(;i{i('ui/ruKK. 



plant the orchard in jjrass and proliably take what wo havo to have for 

 the horses and h-ave the ri>st in tlio orchard, puttinj,' it around the trees. 

 1 have cultivated some trees to see If there was any difference. I am 

 forced to admit that there is a difference in favor of the cultivated tree at 

 first. They are larpor. lliey will not head so close to the ground. I have 

 made the licst looUin.n lieail 1 tlihiU. This is the way we lake care of the 

 orchard. We feed liie trees the Ijcst we know how. My orchard is not 

 very large, because 1 want the boys to feel they have an interest in the 

 trees, and want them to take care of them mostly. They can ii;o out 

 with the mower and a sickle and cut the grass down, and in this way feel 

 as if the trees were more to them. When the.v are twenty-one you 

 couldn't get them away from the farm. They will say. "Here is the work 

 of our own little hands." Wouldn't it be a grand thing if more of our 

 boys could be brought up to stay on the farm. The farm is the place for 

 them. They can make a living on the farm. If the farmer wants his 

 boys to stay on the farm he must invest some money there for them. 



Xow 1 have left myself open for questions if you care to ask any. 

 There is an old saying where 1 cume from that a deaf man either says 

 nothing, or talks all the time; sometimes he does both. 



We have to fertilize our land, fur four or five generations have existed 

 upon it and have kept taking off and not putting back, and it is now up to 

 the place where we must fertilize if we get good results. 1 heard a man 

 from Boston say the other day that the farming land of the country was 

 in the West. He said that in Indiana absolutely all they needed was clover 

 and that they ne\er used chemical fertilizers. We can raLse just as good 

 crops as anybody, but we must use chemical fertilizers. It is absolutely 

 essential for us to use them in the East. A great many of our people 

 there have used the wrong kind of fertilizer and liave almost spoiled their 

 soil. Wood ashes are good for the soil, but most of the wood ashes 

 that we find never saw the hre. They make this compound and sell it for 

 wood ashes. This is done time and time again. They take potash, slag 

 and lime, and form a compound which clicmists can not tell whether or 

 not it is wood ashes. It is certainly a mixture. We fall short of wood 

 ashes. There is positively nothing better than wood ashes. Stable 

 manure is good but it contains too much nitrogen. 1 think that the 

 trouble with a great many orchards is tliat they are fed on this year after 

 year, and conse(iuentIy have more nitrogen than they need, and this pro- 

 motes wood growth which has to be cut off. We get a highly colored 

 fruit. When 1 advise the use of chemical fertilizer 1 sometimes run 

 against a snag, for many people object to any form of this. In flie East 

 we have come to the point where we are ready to take anything if we can 

 get our money's worth out of it. By using the fertilizer on top of the 

 ground it keeps the ground fertilized and moist, but the roots are top 

 Dear the top of the ground, if you use bone you will probably have good 

 results, but you will find that tlie best results are obtained by putting 



