INDTAiVA HORTIOULTURAL SOCIETY. 417 



fruit trees for cordwood in New Jersey; we don't need it. We are raising 

 trees under natural forest conditions. If you want to see a sturdy tree 

 that makes a fine gi-owth, looli at the white oak, or the chestnut. A for- 

 est tree is not cultivated. It generally grows from a seed, and it has 

 tap roots that will go down, down, down and near the surface feeding 

 roots, also. This is what I am aiming at in the production of peach, pear 

 and apple trees. I like the center stem trees, because they are not so 

 likely to break down and split off7 I am trying to raise a bushy form of 

 trees, for a aouoie purpose, i do not care to raise common fruit, for it 

 does not pay. I want to raise A No. 1 fruit. I want my trees low so that 

 I do not have to climb around to pick the fruit, and so I can spray them 

 better, and so that in falling from the tree the fruit is not injured. I do 

 not care for so large a tree, becausf- to have good fruit you must thin it, 

 anyway. I don't want to raise wood and get cull peaches that will stand 

 in front of the store until they are spoiled before they can be sold. I want 

 to raise peaches and apples that will be bought, sold, and paid for, before 

 they leave my farm. I wish someone would take this tree home and 

 plant it, and see what it will do in two or three years. If someone will 

 take it home and plant it in the way we have suggested, I am sure he will 

 have a fine tree in the next feAv years. After two years you will be con- 

 vinced that Collingwood knew what he was talking about. To begin with 

 you may think it will amount to nothing, but in five years you will tell a 

 different story. 



I have been asked what I would do with a tree that had been iili r 

 one year, and had been planted in the ordinary way. Would 1 (.-u' ii.;.s 

 tree back ne.xt spring? No, I would not cut a tree back at'if ii li.-is 

 started. After a tree has started in this way I have nevHv heen altif' to 

 do much with it. I like to start a tree as I would a Uoy or gin. You 

 would better let tliis tree go to a cei'tain extent, as I don't believe yixi L-an 

 ever give it the type or shape now. 



I now have a short time to speak on the topic assign d iif i iic 

 "Different Ways to Handle a I'riiit Land." AN'li.il I have to say upon 

 this topic will be entirely in the way of a suggestion, bt'cauf. as I said 

 yesterday, I do not know enough of the conditions liere lo warrant me to 

 dictate to you. In the East we have four or five different ways of hand- 

 ling fruit land; it all depends upon the land and upon the man what 

 system should bo used. I will speak of my own system, not because it is 

 the best, but because it has first place in my mind. My plan is to start 

 in this way. I look forward to when my trees will be bearing fruit, and 

 I try to get ready for this time. I start the trees in the sod, or in the hill- 

 side among the rocks. 1 expect to get a deep root and a low head. I do 

 not intend to plow or cultivate Ihe trees, but I will use fertilizers on them, 

 and plant grasses or cowpoas, and let them take care of the tree. I head 

 trees close to the ground. We like thera because they are easy to pick in 

 this form and easier to take care of. Tlio tree is witliin reacli of you ail 



27-Agrri. 



