l.XDIAN.V TIORTRTI.TURAT. SOCIETY. 501 



Now. to liiiish up with tliis, iii regard lo ibc spraying and so on, is 

 I'rofessur Troop's part of tlie business. But I want to say to you, that 

 unless you spray there is no assurance of a crop. They do raise some 

 crops without spraying, but that is not the general rule. I spray with 

 the Yermorel nozzle. I often talk about the Vermorel nozzle and some 

 people do not know what it is, so I brought this to show you. ^ What- 

 ever pump you get, be sure to get the Vermorel nozzle. There are four 

 Verniorol nozzles connected together here, and there is a socket in the 

 middle. We put this on a long rod. and use the four nozzles at one time, 

 having two men to pump.' Professor Troop will tell you all about the 

 spraying and the whys and wherefores of it, but I wanted to show you 

 what 1 consider the best nozzle. 



I want to fell you liow to gather. I saw a man come in from the 

 country with as. tine Bellflowers as I ever saw; but he had hauled them 

 seven or eight miles, over rough roads, lying loose in a jolt wagon, and 

 ihey were in that condition that the little boys like to tix; them when they 

 bang them up against a stone or a brick wall to bruise the juice out of 

 them; and those apples, that ought to have been worth a dollar or a dol- 

 lar and a quarter a bushel were all bruised till they looked like wind- 

 falls, and were not worth forty cents. I have had great trouble in apple 

 handling to keep the gatherers from tossing them about till they bruise 

 them and get them into a condition that they will rot easily. An apple 

 lias no business to rot if it is sound at the gathering time, unless it is 

 bruised or affected by some outside agent. Don't you be that outside 

 agent to start the rotting. 



We pick our apples in small baskets; not in sacks, and we do not 

 want our baskets to hold over half a bushel. This is a New Albany 

 liasket, luade for the purpose of gathering apples, and is very convenient. 

 It stands up lliis way, and we put the apples in, and when filled it can 

 lie turned down and the apples go into the barrel without trouble. We 

 hilve used those in great quantities, and find them the best for gather- 

 ing api)les. I take some central location when we are gathering and fix 

 a shelter to protect om* apples in the barrels, and having plenty of bas- 

 kets (one hundred and fifty of these baskets would cost me about twelve 

 dollars), I try to keep about fifty going to the gatherers, fifty being filled 

 ready to put on t!ie wagon and fifty at the barreling place. All we ask of 

 the people who mj^ke this basket is that they make it a IJttle smoother, 

 hammer down this center i)in smooth, and you will have almost a per- 

 fect basket for apple galhering. When you are done with them they nest 

 and do not take up much room. Some of these things are small affairs, 

 l)Ut often it Is the small matter that gives you success. 



I thin considerably, but not near enough. We can not very well 

 nfCoi'd to miss thinning the Genotts. as they grow in clusters and ought 

 to be thinned: it Is easily done. Just bend them back and they will 



