k.\i;mi;i;s' insti ti'iks. ,4'.t 



stage of the iuHanniijiIioii. tin- jn'iiud uT (rougt'.stioii, tln' cuugh may )ti* 

 aoi'ompaniotl l>y lu'iiuuTliage. Other sj'mptoms will bi* revealed in thin. 

 Quiet hogs, by listening to the lung sounds (auscultation). This ean )>(> 

 done by placing tlie ear to the side of the eliest. In the very eailiest stages 

 of pneumonia a crepitating sound may be heard in the diseased area, later 

 Avhen the engorgement of the air cells occurs, the healthy mm nniis and the 

 crepitating sounds' are deadened. When the lung tissue is returning to 

 the normal state, the crepitating sounds can again'bo heard. The disease 

 may involve one huig or part of both. The chances of recovery are better 

 in lean than in tat liogs. as the disease is usually less severe. The attack 

 runs a course of from ten days to two or three weeks. 



Treatment.— The hog should be given a comfortable pen and kept as 

 quiet as possible. If it will eat, a light sloppy diet should be fed. To 

 keep the bowels loose, from one to three ounces of castor oil can be ad- 

 ministered occasionally. As a counterirritant to the sides of the chest the 

 following liniment can be used; oil of turpentine, ten parts, croton oil, 

 one part. If the heart action is weak, from five to ten drops of tincture 

 of digitalis can be given every three or four hours. During the con- 

 valescent stage, if the .•uiinial appears wealc. aleolioljc stimidants can be 

 given. 



IMeurisy. — This is an inllaiiiniation of the memlirane lining the chest 

 cavity ami covering tlie lungs. 



Causes.— I'k'urisy may develop during the course of pneumonia. Suil- 

 den chilling of the body, especially if overheated, exposure to cold and 

 damp pens are common causes. It may occur in the different contagious 

 diseases (hog cholera, swine plague and tuberculosis). 



Symptoms.— The early symptoms of the disease is chilling. Some- 

 times the hog is lame in one or the other of the fore legs, and when it 

 walks appears stiff. The appetite is poor and the hog is restless or lies 

 down most of the time. The breathing is highly characteristic. The ribs 

 are- held rigid and the respirations are short and jerky, the movement 

 being noticed mostly in the flank. The body temperature is higher than 

 normal, the pulse quickened and the cough in paroxysms, but rather sui*- 

 pre.<?sed. Pain is a very prominent symptom. When the sides of/ the 

 chest jire iwessed iipon with the hand the hog will flinch, sometimes grunl 

 or stpieal. On auscultation friction sounds are heard. In cases where 

 there is an outpouring of fluid into the chest cavity (hydrothorax), these 

 sounds iire n<it lieard. .ind .ill respiratorj' sounds toward the lower part of 

 the chest are deadened. If much tiuid accmnulates in tlie chest cavity 

 the symptoms of p;iin are diminished, but the respirations are more la- 

 bored and the pulse weaker. Toward the later stage of the disease the 

 hog is greatly depressed. When made to get up, it may squeal. Fre- 

 quently it is seen lying on its side, as though it were dead. The course 

 of the disease is from one to two weeks. In mild cases and wiien only a 

 part of the i)h'ura is involved the syuq)toms .'ire less sever*'. 



