KAI{.\1KI{S INS'l TIT'IKS. TOo 



;iii(l aiili.sciili(_- pn raiitiuiis ubscrvi'd in opciatiiij;. 'llif needle, ihicatl and 

 tMher instruments when not in use should be dropped iiuo a dish eontaiu- 

 iii.t? an antiseptic wash. The open operation (reducing tlie hernia, cutting 

 tlirough tiie coverings of the testicle, removing it and closing the opening 

 with sutures the same as in umbilical hernia) can also be used. It is best 

 to keep the pig by itself for a few days following the operation. 



Ventral Hernia.— Scrotal and umbilical hernia are due to dilation of 

 openings already present, all others caused by a tare or break in tho 

 abdominal wall, but not in the skin, are. known as ventral hernia. 



Causes.— Injuries are the cause of this form of hernia. laying on one 

 another in the pen, as in the case when they pile up, kicks, and collisions 

 with bhmt ob.iects are common causes. 



Symptoms.— A favorite seat for ventral hernia in hogs is on the inside 

 of the think, the mass of intestines extending backwards between the 

 hind legs. The size of the swelling varies and presents the same appear- 

 ance as in other forms of rupture. If caused by a local injury, there 

 is more or less inflammation of the part. This symptom is not noticed 

 in old cases. 



Treatment.— This is not as satisfactory as in other forms. After re- 

 ducing the hernia an incison is made in the sack and the opening in the 

 walls of the abdomen closed by sutures, the same as in umbilieal hernia. 



Inflammation of the Testicles. Causes.— Inflammation of the testicles 

 in hogs is usuallj' due to external violence, such as blows, kicks, bites 

 from other animals, wounds, etc. It may occur as a complication of 

 some other disease. 



Symptoms.— The first symptom noticed is a painful swelling of the 

 testicles which may extend to the surrounding parts. The rapidity with 

 which the swelling develops will depend on the acuteness of the inflam- 

 mation. Sometimes the animal has a fever and abscesses may form. 

 Ilydrocle may occur as a complication of the inflammation. 



Treatment.— A cathartic of castor oil may be given. Cold or hot 

 water fomentations may be used to keep down the inflammation. Iodide 

 of potassium can be given in the feed three times daily. If an abscess 

 forms it should be opened. and w.ished out once a day with an antiseptic 

 wash. In some cases it is necessary to castrate the animal. This latter 

 ol)t'ration must not be postponed too long. 



Hydroele. Hematocele. Causes.— This condition is due to injuries to 

 the testicles and scrotum, the collection of fluid forming as a result of the 

 iiitlammation of the covering of the testicles (tunica vaginalis). 



Symptoms.- Owing to the large (niantity of fluid (serum or blood) that 

 may collect between the layers of the tunic, this conrtiti<in may resomble 

 a scrotal hernia. The swelling is soft, elastic and painless and confined 

 mostly to the lower part of the scrotum. The fluctuation of the fluid 

 can be recognized on manipulating the swellin.g. 



Treatment.— This is usually unnecessary as it docs not interfere with 



