farmers' IXSTITrXES. 773 



afTiMii-d. The hiiiiis are either not affected or only seeoudaiily. They 

 usually collapse at death. 



In swine plague the germs are more diffused through the circulation, 

 but may cause the same red patches. The parts attacked are the lungs 

 primarily and other organs as complications. The etrect in the lungs is to 

 cause bronchitis and pneumonia. The mucous membrane becomes con- 

 gested and thickened, blocking certain areas, and sepsis or pus formation 

 occurs, making abscess cavities of greater or less size. These pneumonic 

 areas may be small and numerous or a few and quite large. If the hog 

 should die early in the disease the appearance will be that of pneumonia, 

 but if Ifrte these abscesses will have formed and they will contain pus or 

 cheesy material. The other organs are involved secondarily. 



It will therefore be seen that hog cholera affects the intestines pri- 

 marily and that the disease may extend to the lungs, and that swine 

 plague begins with the respiratory organs and progresses toward the in- 

 testines. Both diseases may be present in the same sub ect and the le- 

 sions will be confusing. Furthermore, it is to be remembered that the 

 lesions are not always typical and that a diagnosis can not be by the eye 

 alone. This is recognized by the inspectors of the meat inspection service, 

 and now all cases are reported as hog cholera, while formerly they di- 

 vided them. 



The Life of the Germs Outside of the Body.— The general behavior 

 and effects of the germs inside of the body are fairly well known, but 

 the history of the germ outside of the body still remains to be deter- 

 mined. The experiments which have been made with the Uog cholera 

 germ have not shown it to be able to live more than a few months in 

 soil or water, and the results of the work with the swine plague germ 

 have indicated that it can only live about half as long. The results of 

 those experiments are at variance with the experience of any one who 

 has had much field work to do. It is not an uncommon occurrence to have 

 an outbreak of hog cholera follow the turning of hogs upon a field where 

 others had sickened, died and been buried a year prior. Such :i result 

 often occurs after hogs have rooted out and eaten parts of carcasses 

 that have been buried for a long time. The writer saw a typical out- 

 bi-eak of cholera follow the turning of hogs into an old house where 

 others had sickened and died three years prior. After the first herd had 

 died the doorways were blocked with rails and no stock had access to 

 the place until three years later. The bedding had never been removed, 

 and in two weeks after use by the second herd thirty out of thirty-six 

 hogs were sick, and it was the only outbreak in that vicinity. People 

 have related many cases similar to the above, the period sometimes lieing 

 longer and at other times being shorter. Again we may note the turning 

 of fresh hogs into a pen where dead hogs may have just been removed 

 and no disease follow. We can not explain all these apparently incon- 

 sistent cases upon the evidence from our experimental data. 



