I-Al!MKi;s" INSTI irTKS. 811 



.IS ilic lifiid of ;i pill, and in sixty days it lias j;rp\vii to alioiit llit' sizo of 

 a i»ea. Jt is then I'licloscd in fonnt'ttivi' tissue and has fully developt'd 

 ijooks and siu kcrs. Three or four months are required before it becomes 

 fully dt'\('l<)|icd and at tlir ciid of tiiis period a Avell formed neck can be 

 seen. 



iJeiicnciative clianjics take iilatc quite eail^'. The connective tissue 

 capsule becomes infiltrated with lime salts, and gra^luallj' the whole para- 

 site underiroes a «alcareous dejieneration. 



Syniptoiiis.— There are no definite symptoms. Some investi,u;ators have 

 deseribe<l as symptoms of measles, a lioaise voice, falliii;^ out of the hair, 

 depression, loss of appetite, weakness, emaciation, a partial paralysis, 

 diarrhoea and oedematous sAvellinjjs in the region of the head, neck and 

 shoulders. A more positive diagnosis nia.v be made by ex.amining the vis- 

 ilile mucous nieiiiliranes of the mouth, especially in the region of the 

 tongue for the characteristic lesions. When tlie tissues iu these parts are 

 affected, small pimples may be felt or seen through the mucous mem- 

 brane. Blindness, rabiform symptoms, etc.. have been reported in cases 

 of general infection of the tissues, and within a variable time exhausfiou 

 and death. 



Treatment.— This is wholl.v preventive. Figs should be prevented 

 from ingesting the f.-iecal matter of man. This can be done by using the 

 proper siinitaiT precautions. 



The imi)ortance of this parasite lies in the danger of man becoming 

 infested Avith the adult worm. The Taenia solem is an armed tapewonn 

 and gives rise to more serious symptoms than the more common unarmed 

 form. The infecti<tn results from the eating of uncooked pork. 31an 

 may also become infested with the cysts as a result of the microscopic 

 eggs entering the digestive tract. This may occur in various ways; as a 

 Jesuit of a reverse ])eristalsis of the intestine carrying a gravid segment 

 into the stomach from a contaminated water supply and from the hand 

 beconung soiled at the time of defecation. In man the bladder worm may 

 develop in the eye or brain and give rise to vei-y serious symptoms. 



The preventive treatment consists in t.-mking the p.-irts badly infested 

 with cysts and eating only well cooked jiork. 



The bladder worm, Oysticercus tenuicollis. is another tapeworm 

 larvae occurring in the body cavity of swine. It is also found in cattle 

 and sheep. The adult tapeworm, Taenia niarginata, is found in dogs and 

 wolves. These bladder like bodies are a half an inch or more in diam- 

 eter and are usually found on the folds of the omentum. 



Method of Infection.— The eggs of the Taenia niarginata pass out with 

 the excrement (d" dtigs and become scattered aromid on the ground. Infec- 

 tion takes jilace the same as in some of the other parasitic forms, the egg 

 containing the six hooked embryo entering the digestive tract along with 

 the food. The t-ndiryo on reaching the stomach and intestines is liberated 

 liy flu- fligestive juices. It then migrates from the intestines either by 



