106 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 



3. Twelve ounces to five gallons equal to 1| per cent solution. Foliage continued 

 healthy throughout the season. The fruit on one tree was fairly sound and clean, on the 

 other it was badly deformed and rusty. This seemed justly attributable to the Lysol. 

 Further additional reference to this substance will be found in connection with the 

 peach spraying experiments. 



Formalin. — This antiseptic and preservative was tested as a fungicide on Duchess 

 apple trees in the following strengths : — 



4. One ounce to five gallons of water. Foliage was not afiected injuriously ; fruit 

 clean. Aphides present on foliage were not killed. 



5. Two ounces to five gallons. This had no perceptible injurious or beneficial efiect 

 upon foliage or fruit. Aphides did not seem to be disturbed. 



9. Four ounces to five gallons. ; no injury to foliage. Three pecks of apples picked, 

 only four specimens wormy. Check trees were wormy to the extent of 8 to 10 per cent 

 only. This would seem to indicate that formalin possessed some deterrent influence 

 against codling month. 



BORDEAUX MIXTURE WITH PARIS GREEN VS. PARIS GREEN IN WATER. 



This question is often asked : Is Paris green as efficacious against codling moth when 

 used with Bordeaux mixture as when it is applied by itself? Careful experiments 

 carried on in 1895 and 1896 answered the question in the affirmative. The experience 

 of this season corroborates that of former years. Paris green was used in both cases at 

 the rate of one pound to 160 gallons of fluid. Three applications were made. When 

 applied in water alone considerable injury resulted to the foliage of the Tetofsky apple 

 trees under experiment. No injury was noted in the case of other trees treated three 

 times with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green. As to effects on codling moth larvae a 

 Transcendant crab tree sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green yielded five 

 bushels of fruit. Of these, nine specimens only were wormy; one Hyslop treated as 

 above, yielding three and one-quarter bushels, gave thirty-six wormy specimens. 



PARIS GREEN AND WATER. 



One Jumbo crab tree yielding one and one-quarter bushel gave five wormy 

 specimens. 



One Orion crab tree yielding one bushel gave fourteen wormy specimens. 



It will be noted that the proportion of wormy apples is small in both cases and 

 does not point to important practical differences. It is my opinion that it would not 

 pay a fruit grower to incur the expense involved in making a separate application of 

 Paris green in view of the very doubtful benefit derived. 



BORDEAUX MIXTURE SIX POUNDS OP COPPER SULPHATE V8. FOUR POUNDS. 



Some horticulturists advise the use of six pounds of copper sulphate with four 

 pounds of lime to each barrel of water in making Bordeaux mixture. This formula has 

 in one or two instances given better results when used against potato rot, than formula 4:4. 

 Tn combating diseases of fruit trees its advantages have never been apparent to me. 

 If four applications are made, many varieties of apples will be more or less russetted by 

 the 6 : 4 formula (See Rep., 1896, p. 174), and during seasons of heavy precipitation the 

 foliage may suffer injury. 



A careful comparison was made this year of the two formulas when applied to heavily 

 laden crab trees. With the 4 : 4 formula the foliage and fruit were healthy and clean 

 throughout the season. No injury to the leaves was observed, while with the 6 : 4 

 formula all the fruit was distinctly russetted and the foliage slightly scorched. In the 

 <«ase of a Quaker Beauty Crab part of the fruit was rendered unsalable. The number 

 of wormy specimens in both series was about the same. 



