REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST. 197 



and the little yellowish or whitish maggots which hatch from these work their way into 

 the root itself, or, if this is still very small, often destroy the lowest part. When full 

 fed they leave the carrots and turn to the chrysalis state in the ground. The chrysalis 

 cases are cylindrical and of a rusty or ochreous colour, and from these (in summer) the 

 little blackish-green, two-winged flies, with rusty, ochre-coloured heads, come out in 

 about three or four weeks." {E. A. Ormerod. Ann. Rpt., 1898, p. 11.) 



During the last ten or twelve years occasional complaints have been received of 

 injuries to carrots by the larvse of the Carrot Rust-fly. These have been mostly from 

 the province of New Brunswick, but also once or twice from Ontario and Quebec. 

 This attack is a serious one, the carrots stored for winter use being rendered useless 

 for the table from the discoloured burrows of the numerous maggots which some- 

 times occur in a single root. In 1895, Mr. J. S. Armstrong, of Rothesay, King's 

 County, N.B., who had suffered severely from the ravages of this insect, noticed that 

 late sown carrots were less injured than those sown at the ordinary time. This practice 

 has since been recommended, and has been adopted with considerable success. 



" Upper Sackville, Westmoreland Co., N.B., March 4, 1896. — My son William has 

 written me that he was talking to you about the carrots we grew in our garden the past 

 two years. He wished me to send you a sample ; but they were so badly afi'ected in the 

 fall that we fed them to the cattle. I send you 2 small roots I found in the cellar. 

 They will show the disease, but they do not represent the growth, as they are too small. 

 The crop was large enough, but I think every carrot was diseased. It was in 1894 that 

 we first noticed that something was wrong. In 1895 I planted in another place, but 

 they were no better. Carrots had been grown on the same land previous to 1894 and 

 were sound and good." — [John Fawcett.] 



"Brookville, St. John Co., N. B , Dec. 20, 1896.— I send you carrots badly 

 infested by some maggot which entirely destroys them, burrowing in every direction 

 through the root. The carrots came up well, but after I weeded and thinned them 

 they began to wither down in spots. The remainder seemed to grow pi^etty large, but 

 when pulled were all full of maggots and are not fit for use." 



" Feb. 15. — In reply to your letter, I sowed my carrots the first week in May. I 

 have made inquiries of some of the farmers here and find that those who sowed later 

 had their carrots not nearly so badly attacked as mine. Do you think cropping the 

 same ground year after year would affect the roots'?" — [Benjamin Hevenor.] 



" Upper Sackville, Westmoreland Co., N.B., Jan. 5, 1897. — I sowed a much larger 

 patch of carrots on another part of my farm later in May and had an excellent 

 crop. No appearance of the maggot ; but last year ours were so bad that we had to 

 buy for table use. The man we bought of lives some eight miles from here. This year 

 his carrots are affected, to all appearances as ours have been. I know of no other cases. 

 He has been growing carrots on the same plot for some time." 



" Dec. 15. — We have had no trouble with carrot-fly this year since we changed the 

 place of cultivation. I have heard of another attack, however, on a friend's place ten 

 miles distant. I will send you some infested roots as soon as I can get them." — 

 [W. W. Fawcett.] 



"Clifton, King's Co., N. B., Sept. 16. — I find it almost impossible of late years to 

 get a crop of carrots on account of a small white grub which attacks the roots from 

 the time they are very young and continues its ravages throughout the season." 



" Dec. 10. — In reply to your favour inquiring about injury to my carrots this year. 

 Last year they attacked the carrots severely. I did not harvest more than one- third of 

 a crop. This year they attacked the young plants and cut them down very badly in my 

 field, and in disgust I ploughed them under and sowed late turnips. From appearances, 

 had I left them, I would not have had more than one sixth of a crop, if any at all. One 

 of my neighbours had about one-third of a crop, and another still less. There are very 

 few carrots raised here of late years, on account of this pest." — [J. E. Wetmore.] 



Remedies. — Where remedies have been applied by my correspondents, the best 

 results have been secured by the use of ordinary coal oil, either in the form of sand 

 saturated in the proportion of one half a pint of coal oil to three gallons of dry sand, 

 ashes or land plaster, which was sown at short intervals along the row, or of kerosene 



