306 Report of the Department of Extomology op the 



margin, and on September 28 were black over their entire area 

 except the white nipple at the center. At this point further 

 change in the scales ceased and the insects are now dormant. 



No. 2. — One larva born September 12. By September 14 the 

 white cottony substance had formed a prominent tuft near the 

 center with the yellow body of the insect showing around the 

 margin. The following day the entire body was covered. Sep- 

 tember 17 a small white fluffy tuft had formed a little to one 

 side of the center with the remaining portion of the scale white 

 but more dense and firm. September 19 the margin was turning 

 dark with the nipple still white. The gradual change to darker 

 shades continued and on October 4 the scale was much darker 

 with a white tuft at center surrounded by a narrow ring of yellow, 

 caused by the first molt, and a second ring of yellow at the mar- 

 gin caused by the second molt. By October 8 the main portion 

 of the scale was dark brown and by October 12 it was black, the 

 white nipple still persisting. There was no further development 

 of this scale as it gradually became dormant. 



No. 3. — Under this number are included ninety larvae born 

 September 3 and transferred to apples, six on each apple, the 

 following day. They were kept in the insectary and the forma- 

 tion of the scale was so uniform that the lot may be discusfied 

 as a whole. An examination, September 6, showed them to be 

 completely covered by a grayish- white scale with a central nipple 

 just apparent. By September 8 the nipple had turned to light 

 gray and was surrounded by a dark brown indented ring followed 

 by a broad base of dark gray. By September 14 the whole scale, 

 except a narrow brown margin, was black. September 17 most 

 of the scales showed a narrow band of white on the margins 

 caused by the pressing out of the white cottony substance 

 secreted by the insect. Plate XLVIII, Fig. 6. September 21 the 

 scales were black or very dark gray but still showed the white 

 extension. October 8 the first molt of one of the scales had taken 

 place. Nearly simultaneous with the molt the discoloration of 

 the skin of the fruit appeared. October 12 some of the specimens 

 showed second molt and the males were now distinguishable by 



