New York AgricultTural Experiment Station. 21 



Tests were made in four apple orchards besides those at the 

 Experiment Station to see what effect spraying in bloom would 

 have upon the insects and diseases which may be injurious to 

 the crop and also upon the yield of fruit. The investigations 

 gave no information as to whether or not the injurious insects 

 and diseases may be controlled by spraying in bloom better than 

 by earlier and later treatment, because the orchards under ex- 

 periment were quite free from these troubles at spraying time. 



Even with trees which had a great abundance of blossoms 

 spraying in bloom decreased the yield on the average from one- 

 third bushel to one and a half bushels per tree. Spraying trees 

 at several different times while they were in bloom so as to hit 

 both the early and the late blossoms with the spray ruined the 

 crop of fruit. 



Second report on New York apple-tree canker. — Since Bulletin 

 163 on the New York apple tree canker was published, Mr. Pad- 

 dock has continued his investigations on this subject. He finds 

 the fungus which causes this trouble, Sphwropsia malormn, 

 occurs on several hosts, including apple, pear and quince fruits 

 and apple, pear and hawtJiorn trees. Sunscald and sunburn un- 

 doubtedly have much to do with the susceptibility of some 

 varieties of apple trees to the canker. The fungus which causes 

 the canker in such cases undoubtedly gains entrance to the 

 cambium through the tissue which has been injured by the 

 sunscald br sunburn. In some parts of the country where sun- 

 scald and sunburn are much more injurious than they are in the 

 apple-growing sections of New York State some make a practice 

 of spraying trees in winter with whitewash to prevent sunscald, 

 and train the trees to thick low heads to prevent injury in sum- 

 mer from sunburn. Mr. Paddock recommends spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture as a preventive of canker. 



He has found that Nectria ditissima, which is a serious canker 

 fungus in European orchards, occurs on apple trees in New York 

 and Nova Scotia. 



