434 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



tine fruit. I have come to the firm conclusion that from many experi- 

 ments that I have made that if we expect to raise nice fruit we must 

 Ijeep spraying until late in the season, especially so if it is a late and 

 backward spring. You may ask me why. The potato beetle and other 

 insects that we see do not hatch until the weather gets warm. We all 

 know that if we place poison where these insects can get hold of it they 

 are soon destroyed; just so with the codling moth. 



Now, in I'egard to fungus rust, etc. Spraying with Bordeaux will 

 keep it off. I could give you a number of proofs of this fact. I will 

 mention one or two instances. Every tree that we neglected spraying 

 shed its leaves in September, and trees where one-half only was sprayed, 

 the side that was not sprayed shed its leaves in September, and the other 

 side that was did not shed until late in the fall; conclusive evidence. 



I sprayed most of my Kieffer pears; those I sprayed had no rust on 

 the fruit, while those that were not sprayed, rust covered a great many 

 of them. 



Now, in conclusion will say, prune, cultivate and feed the trees while 

 young, and spray every inch of them early and keep spraying until the 

 middle of June, as long as you have an orchard, and you will always have 

 plenty of fruit. 



Not knowing what my friend Teas ' will saj' about our sixteen-acre 

 orchard, I just want to say that it was conducted on the same plan as 

 the one that I have uescribed. We sent 30 bushels of fruit from these 

 orchards to the St. Louis Exposition and wo hear they made a creditable 

 showing for Indiana. (Applause.) 



Hundreds of people come to my orchard and have carried away many 

 of the finest fruit before we thought of making this exhibit, and many 

 of my finest apples were sold that we might have exhibited here. 



President Stevens: We will now hear from Mr. Teas. 



A FINE INDIANA ORCHARD. 



BY E. Y. TEAS, CENTERVILLE, IND. 



It was my privilege on September 0, 1904, to visit by request the apple 

 orchard of Samuel T. S. Williams, situated about two miles southeast of 

 Knightstown, Henry County, Indiana. 



This orchard of about nine hundred api)k' trees, occupying sixteen 

 acres of high, level land, that was covered fifty years ago with a heavy 

 growth of sugar maple and beech timber, has been planted fourteen years. 

 During the first five years the land was cultivated In farm crops, corn, 

 potatoes, etc. For nine years the orchard has been in clover. 



