INDIANA HORTICULTUKAL SOCIETY. 439 



Mr. Williams: Immediately after the bloom falls. 



President Stevens: And then in ten days after that spray again? 



Mr. Williams: Yes; in ten or fifteen days Tve spray again. 



Mr. James Little: We ought to understand one thing. Now, suppose 

 that your trees have been affected for a number of years with the fungi. 

 You can't spray an orchard of that kind next spring and make it produce 

 many fine apples that year. It will take some time to restore the condi- 

 tion. The trees have been starved, and the only way that you can get 

 apples in an orchard of that kind is to commence and spray until you re- 

 store the health of the trees and make the foliage all right, and then your 

 spraying will bring good results. 



Mr. Thomas: My experience and observation is that we have to 

 spray just as much for fungi as we do for the codling moth and other in- 

 sects. I will say right here, Mr. Curculio and codling' moth are separate 

 and distinct insects altogether. If you want to produce nice apples, like 

 Mr. Williams has on the exhibition table, you must have a healthy foli- 

 age on the tree or you can not produce them, because we can not grow 

 these fine apples if they are affected with fungi. The first spraying should 

 be done before the buds open. This is to kill the fungi. We spray them 

 with the Bordeaux mixture alone. It is not necessary to use the Paris 

 green for this spraying.- After the petals have fallen spray again. I use 

 four ounces of Paris green to fifty gallons of water, and I spray every 

 ten days or oftener if my orchard needs it. You should spray with some 

 kind of a spray pump that will throw the spray into the trees with force 

 enough to reach every portion of the tree, and you will then get good 

 foliage, and then the good apples will follow. 



Mr. Swaim: I would just like to ask Prof. Troop a question. What, 

 in your opinion, is the advantage of spraying for curculio? I use a solu- 

 tion of Paris green about the time the buds are open. Does the curculio 

 feed any at that time? 



Prof. Troop: As far as my experience goes the only time that we 

 can do any good is at that season of the year. I like the time the buds are 

 opening, but you should use the Bordeaux mixture with the Paris green. 

 You will kill more curculios then than if you wait until it commences 

 to lay its eggs. 



Mr. Swaim: You would advise the use of Paris green pretty strong 

 at this time, then, would you? 



Prof. Troop: Yes, I certainly should, but at this time there is no 

 danger of injuring the foliage. After the curculio begins to lay its eggs 



