536 BOARD OF AGRICULTTJEE. 



dueled so as to cut the trees above a certain diameter only, and to leave 

 a certain number of seed trees, principally white pine, to seed up the 

 tiact. 



This lumbering differs from the usual way of lumbering, in that great 

 cure is talieu to leave the tract, after the merchantable timber is re- 

 moved, in a condition whereby another crop is assured. Instead of the 

 usual burning of the slash and the destroying of all the young trees 

 left on the gi'ound, measures of protection from fire will be installed. 

 The tops will be lopped so they will decay quiclily. 



Co-operative work is at present being carried on with Wisconsin, 

 Maine and California. Season of 1903, with CaUfornia and New Hamp- 

 shire. In this co-operative worli with states the state makes an appro- 

 priation to be used in forest investigation in co-operation with the 

 National Bureau which is willing to spend a similar sum in the in- 

 vestigation. 



California appropriated $15,000. This will go largely toward defray- 

 ing the expenses of the men in the field. The salaries of these men are 

 borne by the Bureau of Forestry. 



The work in California was begun in 1903 and will possibly be com- 

 pleted in 1904. The work consists largely of making a type map which 

 will show the distribution of the several species; the approximate num- 

 ber of thousands of board feet per acre; the burned areas; the lumbered 

 areas; timber line on the mountain, and possibly some other things of 

 which I at present do not think. 



A critical studj'' is being made of the reproduction of the several 

 species, which species is being most lumbered, and why, objections to 

 so-called inferior species, location of sawmills, capacity, when they sell 

 their product, manner of lumbering, amount and character of waste left 

 in the woods, wages paid, sanitai'y condition in camps, character of men 

 employed, etc., a study of fire and grazing problems, and effect upon 

 streams in lumbered areas, a study of the rate of growth and measure- 

 ments of tlie heights and diameter of tlie several species on tlie different 

 soils and locations, and many other problems of less importance. 



Division of Dendrology.— By dendrologj' is meant tree botany. The 

 work at present under this division is a study of the Tanbark Oak on the 

 Pacific Coast; study of the Four Leaf, Torry and Bishop pines in Cali- 

 fornia. A study of the native exotic acacias of California and a study of 

 tlie big thicket country of Texas. This division also has charge of the 

 study of the unproved methods of turpentine orcharding and of the ex- 

 hibit of the BuroMU of Forestry at the St. Lonis Exposition. Tlio old 

 system of turpentining was to cut a deep pocket near the base of the 

 tree and allow the pitch to drain into this from a scarified surface 

 above. There are many evils about this system. Much of the pitch 

 instead of going into the cut pocket would miss it and flow down to 

 the ground. This was not only a waste but a great feeder for the annual 



