lis'DIANA nORTICtJLTtlRAL SOCIETY. 539 



C. An estimate of the total stand of the species. 



D. The different commercial uses for which the tree is employed. 



E. Present stumpage prices. 



F. Change in the stumpage prices in the last few years showing the 

 tendency of the prices. 



G. Size talien on the stump and in the top according to the uses for 

 • which the timber is cut. 



^. To what profitable use could the timber be put which is left in 

 the woods. 



I. The drawbaclis of the present system of lumbering and its effect 

 upon the renewal of the species. 



J. Condition indispensable for the successful renewal of the species. 



K. Time required for the trees remaining after lumbering to attain 

 merchantable size. 



L. Value of land occupied by the given species, and 



M. Taxes paid on the cut-over laud; on the timbered land, and many 

 other things. 



The Bureau is now makixig a commercial tree study of the hardwood 

 of the southern Appalachian Mountains, of the Sugar, Western, Yellow 

 and Lodge Pole pines in California, Montana, South DaliOta, and Wyo- 

 ming. 



Division of Reserve P>oundaries.— This division of section, has to do 

 with looli^ing up the exact boundaries of the reserves, locating new re- 

 serves and making releases of some of the land now included within re- 

 serves. This worii is being carried on in all the Rocky Moimtain and 

 Coast States, also in Alaska and Hawaii. 



Division of Forest Products.— This division has to do with making 

 investigation along the line of seasoning, testing and preserving forest 

 products. This investigation in the seasoning of timber is for the pur- 

 pose of finding out the methods of piling lumber, whereby it can be 

 dried out most quickly with the least amount of checking and warping 

 and its increased durability over unseasoned timbers in contact with the 

 soil. 



Also in the case of railroad ties. The loss of weight is quite a factor 

 in the cost of transportation. While the tie is seasoning the money in- 

 vested in it lies idle and interest is lost, but the difference between the 

 cost of transporting a seasoned and an unseasoned tie pays the interest 

 on the idle money many times over. 



By testing is meant the finding out of how many pounds' strain a piece 

 of timber will hold without breaking or crushing. This information is 

 most useful to mechanical engineers. 



By preserving is meant the soaking or forcing into the lumina and 

 fibres of the cells a poisonous chemical that will not easily leach out. 

 Creosote is the best known. Since all decay is caused by the presence 

 of bacteria or fungii, if the wood is saturated with poison there is no 

 chance for a fungous attack; therefore no decay. 



