INDIANA HOKTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 551 



go through their wood lots systematically enough to know just what 

 they have. We have to be careful about the ti-ees that we attempt to 

 raise. There are trees that we know almost of a certainty will thrive 

 there. We do not get the Norway pine; we do not get palms. We set 

 our trees out, and I think this would interest you. When I was first 

 told to set trees out, Mr. Garfield, who is the head, and whom I hoped 

 to see here, said to me: "Where are you going to get the men to set the 

 trees out?" I told him that I would do just as I did in New York State. 

 I was detailed to set out even a larger number of trees, and I got Can- 

 adians, Frenchmen, etc., whose great-grandfathers before them had never 

 done anything but destroy the forests, and I lined them up in the morn- 

 ing and gave every one a mattock and told them they should do as I 

 did, and I dug the first hole and showed them how. Possibly I would 

 surprise you if I should tell you that two-thirds of the lumbermen would 

 not know a pine tree when they see it, but this is true. Two-thirds do 

 not know what can be done with that seed. But as I said before, we 

 lined these men up and commenced to set out the trees. The first day 

 they laughed, but the next day they began to take quite a great deal 

 of interest. From that day the forest looked entirely different to them. 

 Instead of a spirit of wanting to destroy everything, they wanted to 

 preserve everything, of wanting to preserve every tree. At first these 

 men thought it was folly to be doing as we were doing, but they kept 

 on doing as they were told so long as there was $1.50 in it for them. Be- 

 fore a week they had a totally different feeling than at the start. I 

 have heard such conversations as this: "This will not amount to anything. 

 The fire will come along this summer and destroy all this. This is fool- 

 ing away a lot of good money." But at the end of the week something 

 like this: "If I catch a fellow setting fire to this land," etc. I am satis- 

 fied that if any of that gang of men that were working for me should 

 see that there was any likelihood of the plantation being burned up, they 

 would work like Turks day and night. There was not a single one among 

 them that would have thrown a cigar away and gone ofif to leave it to 

 burn. 



I suppose I ought to say something in regard to this planting. You 

 will be wondering whether we broke ground. That would be an impos- 

 sibility. There are too many pine stumps, half charred, over the whole 

 country. We lined the men up and kept about five or six feet apart. I 

 told the men to dig up the ground and plant one of these trees wherever 

 there was an opening big enough to insure success for that tree. We 

 dug up the ground as much as we could, and the last time I visited the 

 place I found that the trees were growing beautifully. We have now a 

 nursery in which we estimate that we have in the neighborhood of about 

 six hundred thousand plants. We will make this nursery larger and will 

 raise trees there by the million. The trees in this nursery are about two 

 inches high now, but they will grow some in the next fifty years. 



