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 INDIANA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 583 



Fifth. Great progress lias been made in tlae extension of agricultural 

 regions. Corn and all tender plants grow Tarther north than formerly. 

 Pear culture has become prolitable in the south by reason of the Kiefter 

 pear and its related sorts. Munson's grapes have extended grape cul- 

 ture. Peaches are more widely grown than formerly. These, and the 

 extension in the animal industries are so obvious, that the subject needs 

 no further application. 



Sixth. Spraying and the treatment of plant diseases have completely 

 revolutionized some phases of agriculture in our day. The potato bug, 

 chinch bug, Hessian fly, the scale insects and other pests threatened 

 the very existence of some crops. We now successfully check all. There 

 is certainty and assurance now where before was chance and luck. We 

 no longer fear the insiduous and often invisible foes that once threatened 

 our industry, and the knowledge and power came at a time when there 

 was fear and dismay to inspire hope and to give courage. 



Seventh. We are making great progress in the handling and in the 

 marketing of agricultural produce. This is especially true in such in- 

 dustries as dairying, poultry raising, fruit growing and truck gardening- 

 industries having to do with perishable products. In olden days all such 

 products went to market in bulk, poorly packed, unattractive, and unfit 

 for long transportation. Now there are special package industries. Quick 

 transportation has brought together the oceans, and, aided by refrigera- 

 tion, has united the continents. We now have countries for markets 

 where formerly we had counties. 



Eighth. The rise of cold storage, canning, preserving, and evap- 

 orating establishments makes a market for products tliat not long 

 since must have gone to waste. In seasons of overproduction, the sales 

 of products prepared by some of the above establishments means profit 

 where otherwise there would have been loss. It would be difficult to say 

 whether the direct products of plant growth or the products of animal 

 life has been most benefited by these new economic uses of agricultural 

 produce. In this connection, special attention should be called to the 

 enormous increase in the kmds and quantities of cereal foods. 



Ninth. As the new economic uses just mentioned came into being, 

 new breeds of animals and new varieties of plants spring into existence 

 to serve the new wants. The sciences of animal and of plant breeding 

 have given us products of such a diversity of uses that we are led to 

 expect that all possible wants may be met by new varieties in like man- 

 ner. No other phase of agriculture gives gi'eater promise to the trained 

 agriculturist than the breeding of plants, and the breeding of animals. 



Tenth. The up-to-date agriculturist now studies economics? There 

 has always been too great a margin between the amount received by 

 the producer and the amount paid by the consumer. Organization, market 

 and crop reports, storage and quick transportation facilities have sub- 

 stantially and permanently reduced this margin. The agriculturists have 



