STATE DAIRY ASSOCIATION. 693 



pressed with their variation and their apparent inferiority, even when 

 seen from the cars. It vv^as a revelation to him. In later years, when 

 traveling through the gi-een pastures of England and Scotland, among 

 the many uniform herds there, his mind harked back to that trip across 

 American soil on that warm July day. The contrast was striking, and 

 he felt full sure that it was educational in its effect. If some of his 

 fellow countrymen could have seen these sights as he did, he was sure 

 they would have taken the lesson well to heart. 



The exposition reached, the cows soon came in for examination. 

 They represented both dairy and general pui-pose type, but It impressed 

 him that fi-om the point of dairy value, the closer the cows adhered 

 to dairy type, the better they ranked in production. There were excep- 

 tions, but the average of a class was what he judged by. From the profit 

 point of view, he saw more money in the udder of capacity than he did 

 in the thick buttocks and meaty back and breast. The working dairy 

 records were also demonstrating that one class gave better returns than 

 another. He was particularly impressed with several individuals, not so 

 much for breed as for dairy character. 



On the return home a short stop was made at the two herds referred 

 to by his father, and here he saw many great cows of wonderful 

 capacity. He noticed that they had wonderfully well lighted barns on 

 their farms, and he saw their advantage, . knowing that tuberculosis, 

 that dread disease among cattle, would not thrive in plenty of Ught. He 

 also noticed that the calves were provided with nice healthy pens, where 

 the sun in winter could reach them. These stables were not especially 

 expensive, but they were sanitary, furnishing absolutely necessary condi- 

 tions for producing the best grade of milk. The stables were clean, the 

 cattle free from dirt and dust, and though kept in during the day in this 

 hot July weather on account of flies, they were in clean, healthful sui*- 

 roundings. These two farms sold milk to a very particular trade, one 

 of them shipping to New York City. Recent years have seen patrons of 

 milk producers calling for far more care in milk production, giving them 

 an essentially germ-free milk. To show how particular some buyers are, 

 Mr. Frith showed John a letter, of which the following is a copy: 



"Please ship me two quarts of pasteurized milk from a cow whose 

 bag has been washed in peroxide hydrogen and wrapped in antiseptic cot- 

 ton during the heat of the day. I desire this from a cow that is given 

 distilled drinking water, and is fed microbe-disinfected meadow grass, 

 free from noxious weeds. Also see that her temperature is down to 80 

 degrees Fahrenheit when she is milked. See that the stable is thoroughly 

 disinfected daily." 



These herds showed strikingly the effects of careful breeding. He 

 noticed the bulls used were short-legged and strong bodied, with much 

 quality. He found that the owners used sires from dams that had udders 

 of very superior shape, and they stated that the daughters of these bulls 



