Sambucus. CAPRIFOLIACE^. 13 



nately divided ; the leaflets or divisions serrate or incised, often pseudo-sti- 

 pellate, or with 2 glands at the base of each pair. Cymes compound, thyr- 

 soid or fastigiate. Flowers white, or sometimes reddish. — Elder. 



Geertner, and most subsequent botanists, except Kunth, have described the fruit 

 of tliis genus as a proper beny ; the nucules lieing taken for seeds. 



1. iS. pubens (Michx.) : stem shrubby; leaves pinnately 5-7-foliolate ; 

 leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the lower surface and the petioles pubes- 

 cent ; thyrsus ovoid or pyramidal, rather loose. — Michx..' fl. I. p. 181; 

 Torr. ! fl. i. p. 321 ; DC. I prodr. 4. p. 323,- Bongard! veff. Sitcha, in 

 mem. acad. St. Petersb. (ser. 6) 2. p. 144. S. pubescens, Pers. syn. 1. p. 

 328; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 204; ELL sL: 1. p. 3G8. S. racemosa. Hook.! fl. 

 Bor.-Ani. 1. p. 279. 



)i. leucocarpa : berries white. 



y. arboresccns : large ; leaflets 7-9, the serratures longer and narrower ; 

 anthers large. — S. arborescens, Nutt. ! mss. S. racemosa p. Hook. ! I. c. 



Rocky woods &c. Canada.!, from the Saskatchavvan, and Northern 

 States! to the mountains of Carolina! West to the Rocky Mountains, Ore- 

 gon ! and Sitcha, (chiefly van y.) /3. Cattskill Mountains, Mr. J. Hogg! 

 May ; the fruit mature in June and .Inly. — Stem 2-10 feet high, sometimes 

 attaining the diameter of 3 or 4 inches at the base ; the branches often warty. 

 Leaves'very pubescent when young, seldom stipellate. Thyrsus about 3 

 inches long. Berries scarlet. — Hooker, perhaps with good reason, unites this 

 species with the S. racemosa of Europe, &c. We have occasionally found 

 this plant arborescent, and at least 18 feel high. 



2. .S. Canadensis (Linn.): stem suffrutescent ; leaves pinnately 7-11-fo- 

 liolate; leaflets oblong or oval, acuminate, glabrous, somewhat pubescent on 

 the midrib : the lower ones often 3-parted; cvmes sjireading, loose, -S-parfed. 

 —Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 269 ; Michx. .' fl. 1. p. 281 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 203 ; Ell. 

 sk. 1. p. 36'8 ; Torr. ! fl-l. p. 321 .• DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 322 ; Hook. fl. Bor.- 

 Am. 1. p. 279; Darlingl. fl. Cest. p. 205. S. nigra, Marsh, arbust. p. 

 141. S. hurnihs, Raf. ann. nat. p. 13. 



Thickets and along fences, in rich soil, throughout the United States ! and 

 Canada ! June-July" — Stem 5-10 feet high, stout, filled with jjith. Leaflets 

 not unfrequently furnished with foliaceous stipellate appendages. Cymes 

 flat, 5-8 inches in diameter ; the flowers pure white. Berries smafl, dark 

 purple, or nearly black when mature; the juice deep crimson. — Near S. ni-. 

 gra of Europe. — Common Elder. 



3. S. glauca (Nutt.! mss.): "somewhat arborescent, glabrous; leaves 

 pinnate ; leaflets 3-5 pairs, lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrulate, undi- 

 vided ; cyme large and spreading; fruit (black) very glaucous. 



" Plains of the Oregon, near the Blue Mountains: common. — Berries re- 

 sembling in taste those of S. Canadensis, to which this species is allied. Nut-- 

 tall. — We can scarcely distinguish this species from S. Canadensis, 



7. VIBURNUM. Linn. ; Gcsrtn. fr. t. 27 ; DC. prodr. A. p. 323. 



Limb of the calyx 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, sometimes somewhat tubular 

 orcampanulate, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 1-3-celled ; one of the cells 

 containing a single suspended ovule, the others abortive: stigmas 3, sessile. 

 Fruit drui)aceous, 1-celled, 1-seedcd, with a thin pulp; the endocarp (seed of 

 * most authors) crustaceous, mostly compressed. Seed conformed to the cavi- 

 ty of the endocarp; the testa membranaceous. Embryo minute at the ex- 



