22 RUBIACE^. Galium. 



7. G. trichocarpum (DC.) : much branched ; stems erect, suffrutescent, 

 glabrous, the angles obtuse ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-linear, 1-nerverl, 

 short, rather rigid, the margins and nerve slightly scabrous ; branchlets few- 

 flowered ; fruit densely clothed with very long straight bristles. — NuU. ! mss.; 

 DC. prodr. 4. p. 600 7 



(3. leaves apiculate; flowers in small nearly sessile clusters terminating 

 the branches. — G. angustifolium, Nutt. ! mss. 



St. Diego, California Nuitall! {a. i^-ji.) [3. St. Francisco? Douglas!— 

 Stem stou't and rigid, a foot or more high. Leaves in closely approximate 

 whorls, about one-third of an inch long, shining, thickish. " Flowers poly- 

 gamo-dicecious, greenish-white." Nutt. Fruit clothed with white straight 

 bristly hairs which are longer than the immature carpels. — This plant, to 

 one form of which Mr. Nuttall has applied the name of G. trichocarpum, is 

 most probably either the same as De' CandoUe's G. trichocarpum, or his G. 

 eriocarpum, v/hich are both Chilian species. 



+ t Herbaceous. 



8. G. trifidum (Linn.) : stem flaccid, decumbent or ascending, branching ; 

 the angles retrorsely scabrous ; leaves in whorls of 4-6 (the lower frequently 

 5 or e.'the upper 4-5), linear or oblanceolate, obtuse ; the margin and mid- 

 rib minutely (often retrorsely) aculeolale-scabrous ; peduncles axillary and 

 terminal, 1-3-flowered ; lobes of the corolla (rather obtuse) and stamens of- 

 ten 3 ; fruit glabrous and even. — Linn. spec. \. p. 105,- FL Dan. t. 48; 

 Wahl. Ji. Lapp. p. 47 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103 ; Torr. ! fl. I. p. 165 ; Bigel. fl. 

 Bost. ed. 2. p. 56 ; DC! prodr. 4. p. 597; Cham. Sf Schlecht. in Lnina;a, 

 4. p. 221; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 99. G. Claytoni, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 78; 

 Richards.! appx.'^FranM. journ. ed. 2. p. 4; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 

 288. Aparine floribus albis, &c. Clayt. ! [Gronov. fl-. Virg. ed. 2. p. 18.) 



13. tinctorium : stem (usually stouter) scarcely or not at all scabrous ; lobes 

 of the corolla and stamens mostly 4. — G. tinctorium, Linn. I. c. ; Pursh, 

 I. c; Torr.! I. c. ; DC! I.e.; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 100. G. trifidum, 

 Ell. sk. l.p. 194/ 



y. latifolium (Torr.) : stem diffuse, not scabrous : leaves elliptical or ob- 

 long ; the margins and midrib manifestly ciliolate-scabrous. — Torr. ! fl. I. 

 p. 165. G. ohlusum, Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 55. 



Swamps and moist low grounds, Canada ! (from lat. 68°) to Virginia ! S. 

 Carolina and Western Louisiana ! and from Newfoundland ! to Oregon ! 

 Unalaschka, and Sitcha ; also in California {Nuttall). June-July.— Stem 5 

 inches to 2 feet in length, erect when young, branched, at length difiuse or 

 reclined. Leaves frequently only quaternate, 5-10 lines long, often less 

 than a line wide, varying up to 3 or 4 lines wide, in var. y. rather membran- 

 aceous, narrowed at fhe base. Flowers very small, white. Pedicels of the 

 fruit slender.— A widely diffused and very variable species; the various 

 forms of which are so blended, that we think no botanist, with a full series of 

 specimens, will succeed in distinguishing two or more species. There is a 

 dwarf state, growing in northern 's[)hagnous swamps, which appears scarcely 

 to differ from the G. palustre exce]it in the scabrous angles of the stem : this 

 form is also a native of the north of Europe. We have another state from 

 Oregon (which Hooker has probably referred to G. tinctorium), which much 

 resembles G. asprellum in its numerous flowers and very scabrous stem and 

 margins of the leaves. The var. 7. is a more robust form, with larger fruit, 

 and grows in drier soil: the margins of the leaves are almost ciliate, while 

 the angles of the stem are smooth. No character can be derived from the di- 

 rection of the very minute bristles which fringe the margin of the leaves : 

 they are someiimes directed upwards on one margin and downwards on the 

 other. The var. i3. as well as 7. have usually larger fruit. The leaves are 

 apt to turn blackish in drying. 



