Galium. RUBIACE^E. 23 



9. G. concinnum : stems diffuse, decumbent, with retrorsely and minutely- 

 scabrous angles ; leaves in whorls of 6 throughout, linear, mucronulate, 1- 

 nerved, veinless, glabrous, with upwardly scabrous margins; j)eduncles fili- 

 form, often twice or thrice trichotoraous, slightly paniculate at the extremity 

 of the branches; pedicels short; lobes of the corolla acute or acuminate; 

 ovary glabrous. 



Dry open woods and hill-sides, Michigan, abundant near Ann Arbor! Blue 

 Lick, Kentucky, Dr. Short! May-June. — Stems dtff'usely branched, a 

 span to a foot high, slender, very leafy, rather rigid, as well as the smooth 

 and shining leaves : the latter about half an inch long, or a little longer in 

 the Kentucky plant, about a line wide. Flowers very small, but numerous, 

 white ; the peduncles and short pedicels almost capillary. — We have not 

 seen the fruit. The leaves do not turn black in drying, and their margins 

 and the angles of the stem are often very slightly scabrous. 



10. G. asprcllum (Michx.) : stem diffuse, much branched, the angles very 

 scabrous with minute and rigid retrorse prickles; leaves 6 (those of the 

 branchlets often 4 or 5) in a whorl, elliptical or lanceolate, mucronate or acu- 

 minate, glabrous, except the retrorsely aculeolate-hispid margins and midrib ; 

 peduncles short, very numerous, crowded or paniculate on the flowering 

 branchlets, di-trichotomous ; pedicels filiform, divaricate ; fruit glabrous or 

 minutely hispid.— iWfc/a-. .' fl. 1. p. 78; Pursh, ft. \. p. 103,- Torr.! fl. 1. 

 p. 166 ,• Bigel.fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 54 ; DC. ! inodr. 4. p. 598 ; Darlingt. fl. 



Cest. p. 100. G. Pennsylvanicum, Muhl. cat. p. 15; Willd. mss. in 

 Schult. mant. 3. p. 183. G. micranthum, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103 ? G. spinul- 

 osum, Raf. prec. decouv. (1814) p. 40 .'' 



Swampy thickets, Canada! and Northern States! common: probably 

 also in the mountains of the Southern States. July. — Stems flaccid, usual- 

 ly supported on bushes, and attaining the height of 2 to 5 feet, adherent to 

 objects which it touches by the minute sharp hooked prickles of its stem and 

 leaves: the latter in approximate* whorls, about half an inch long, tapering 

 at the base; the lower obtuse and abruptly mucronate; the upper acuminate 

 into a scarious subulate point. Flowers pure white, very small but ex- 

 tremely numerous, covering the branchlets : the peduncles and pedicels short 

 but filiform. Lobes of the corolla acute. Fruit perhaps usually glabrous 

 when ripe, but not unfrequentiy more or less hispid when young; in which 

 state it is probably the G. micranthum of Pursh. — There is a specimen in 

 Elliott's herbarium, mixed with his G. cuspidatum ; but no locality is given. 

 The leaves usually turn blackish in drying. 



11. G. triflorum (Michx.) : stem flaccid, reclining or procumbent, retrorse- 

 ly somewhat aculeolate-seabrous or slightly hispid on the angles, shining ; 

 leaves 6 in a whorl, narrowly elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate- 

 cuspidate, 1 -nerved, veiny, glabrous, the margins and sometimes the midrib 

 minutely ciiiolate-hispid or scabrous; peduncles axillary and terminal, most- 

 ly 3-flowered at the extremity ; the flowers all pedicellate ; fruit hispid with 

 uncinate hairs. — Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 80 ; Willd. hort. Berol. t. 66 ; Pursh, fl. 

 \.p. 104 ; Ell. sic. l.p. 197 ; Torr. ! fl. I. p. 167 ; Bigel.fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 

 56; DC! prodr. 4. p. 601; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am.l. p. 290 ; Darlingt.! 

 fl. Cest. p. 101. G. cuspidatum, Muhl. ! cat. {ex herb. S^- herb. Willd.); 

 FAL! sk.l. p. 197; DC. I. c. G. brachiatum, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103. G. 

 suaveolens, Wahl. fl. Lapp. p. 48. G. Pennsylvanicum, i?rtr<. coinpend.fl. 

 Ph Had. l.p. 83, not of Muhl. 



Moist woodlands, nearly throughout the United States (from Maine ! to 

 Alabama! and Louisiana!) and Canada! to Oregon! Cnlifornia (A'^^/^W), 

 Unalaschka ! and Sitcha. Also a native of Lapland, Sweden, and Russia 

 as far south as Moscow ! June-July. — Stem 1-4 feet long, sometimes (juite 

 smooth and glabrous even on the angles ; the branches short and divergent. 



