24 RUBIACE^. Galium. 



Leaves membranaceous (sometimes in whorls of 5), tapering at the base, 

 varying in size from 2 inches to three-fourths of an inch in length ; those of 

 the branches more conspicuously cuspidate. Peduncles rarely twice tricho- 

 tomous. Flowers small, greenish, or greenish-white in open places : the 

 lobes of the corolla acute or acuminate. Fruit densely his])id with white 

 hairs. — This plant has a wide range, and (although well-marked) is subject 

 to considerable diversities, which bowcA'erwe cannot distinguish as varieties. 

 The smaller-leaved forms (G. cuspidatum. Ell. S^v.) abound in the Southern 

 States. It exhales a vanilla-like odor in drying. 



* * Flou-ers dull jrurple or brownish: peduncles axillary and terminal, usually 2-3 

 times di-trichotomous. 



12. G. pilosum {k\{.) : stem ascending, hirsute or hairy; leaves 4 in a 

 whorl, oval, mucronulate, indistinctly 3-nerved at the base, punctate with 

 pellucid dots, hairy and cihate ; peduncles usually twice or thrice di-tricho-^ 

 tonious at the extremity of the branches, the flowers all distinctl}^ pedicelled ; 

 fruit densely hispid with uncinate bristles. — Ait. Kew. {ed.l) 1. JJ. 145; 

 Pursh,Jl. I. p. 104 ; EH. si: 1. p. 196; Torr. ! fl.l.p- 167; Darlingt. ! fi. 

 Cest. p. lOl. G. puncticulosuni /3. pilosum, DC! prodr. A. p. 601. G. 

 purpureum, Walt. Car. 2^- 87 ? 



jS. puncticulosum : stem and leaves, except their ciliate margins, almost 

 glabrous. — G. puncticulosum, Mlclix.! ji. 1. p. 80 ; DC. ! I.e. G. Bermu- 

 dense, Linn. spec. 1. p. 105, as to syn. Gronov., but not of Pluk. aim. t. 248. 

 G. Bermudianum, Pursh.Ji. I. p. 104 : Ell I. c? G. punctatum, Pers. syn. 

 l.p. 128. 



Dry woods, and in sterile shady soil, througliout the United States, from 

 New York! to Texas! /3. Virginia ! to Louisiana! June-July. — Stems 

 1-2 feet high, often several from the same root, mostly sim]ile, except the 

 short spreading flowering branches ; the pubescence variable in degree. 

 Leaves about three-fourths of an inch long. Flowers |)aniculate-cymul()se ; 

 the ultimate divisions of the peduncle 3-flowered. Lobes of the brownish- 

 purple corolla acute or acuminate. Fruit very stronj^ly hispid with white 

 bristles. — The name of G. Bermudense should be retained for the -Rubia 

 telraphylla glabra, latiore folio, Bermudensis,' etc. of Plukenet. 



13. G. circ<ezans (Michx.) : stem erect or asr-ending, nearly smooth, or 

 sometimes hairv; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval or ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse, 

 3-nerved, somewhat pubescent, the margin and nerves ciliate ; peduncles 

 terminal or lateral, usually once dichotomous, divaricate in fruit, bearing 

 several remote deflexed flowers on extremely sliort lateral pedicels; fruit 

 densely hispid with uncinate bristles. — Michx.! jl. 1. p. 80 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 

 197 ; Torr. ! ji. I. p. 168 (excl. syn. Gronov.) ; Bigel. ! Jl. Bast. ed. 2. p. 

 55; DC! prodr. 4. p. 601; Darlingt.fl. Cest. p. ]02. G. brachiatum, 

 MiM. cat. p. 16, not of Pursh. G. boreale, Walt. Car. p. 257. G. cir- 

 c;eoides, Rcem. Sf Schult. syst. 3. p. 256. 



/j. lanceolatum (Torr.) : leaves lanceolate, or often ovate-lanceolate, rather 

 acute. — Torr.! cat. pi. NewYork, p. 23 ; DC! I.e. G. lanceolatum, Torr.! 

 Jl. 1. p. 168; Hook. Jl. Bar.- Am. 1. p. 280; Darlingt.Jl. Cest. p. 102. G. 

 Torreyi, Bigel! Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 56. 



y. montanum: dwarf; leaves obovate, nearly glabrous. — G. Littellii, 

 Oiikes! mss. 



Rich woodlands, Canada ! to Florida, Louisiana ! Arkansas ! and Mis- 

 souri ! y. Mountains of New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, Mr. 

 Oakes! Mr. W. F. Macrae! Mr. Tuckerman.— Stems 10-18 inches high, 

 often many from the same root, or branched from the base. Leaves 1-1 i, or 

 in j3. sometimes more than 2 inches long, variable as to pubescence ; the 



