54 DIPSACE^. DipsAcus. 



investing the ovary and fruit. Tube of the calyx coherent with the ovary ; 

 the limb cup-shaped or discoid. Limb of the corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. 

 Stigma longitudinal. — Biennial erect stout herbs (natives of Europe and 

 Middle Asia), hairy or prickly. Leaves opposite, often connate at the base, 

 undivided or laciniate. Heads large, oblong or roundish ; the expansion of 

 the flowers commencing about the middle and proceeding in opposite direc- 

 tions I Corolla pale purple, yellowish, or whitish. 



1. D. sylvestris (Mill.) : stem, with the midrib of the leaves and involucre, 

 pricklv, angled ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, crenate-toothed ; the uppermost 

 lanceolate, mostly entire ; leaves of the involucre long and slender, pungent, 

 curved upwards, longer than the oblong head ; chaff of the receptacle taper- 

 ing into a long setaceous flexible awn-like appendage, with a straiglit point. — 

 Mill. did. no. 2 ; Jacq. fl. Austr. t. 402 ; Fl. Dan. t. 965 ; Engl. hot. t.- 

 1032; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 96; Torr. .' fl. 1. p. 164; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. 

 p. 98. 



Fields and road-sides, not uncommon in the Northern and Middle States; 

 naturalized. July- Aug. — Corolla pale purple, pubescent. — Wild Teasel. 



D. Pullonvm, the FuUer's Teasel, is sometimes cultivatvjd, but it has never become 

 naturalized in this country. 



Order LXXVI. COMPOSITiE. Vaill. ; Linn. ; Adans. 



Synantherae, Rich. — Syngenesia, Linn. sex. syst. — Compogitiflorje, Gcertn. 



Flowers collected into a dense head (compound flower of the older 

 authors) upon a common receptacle, surrounded by an involucre. 

 Tube of the calyx coherent with the ovary and undistinguishable from 

 it ; the limb (called pappus) composed of bristles or scales, &c., or 

 very rarely foliaceous, often wanting or reduced to a margin. Corolla 

 composed of mostly 5 united petals ; either ligulate or tubular, in the 

 latter case with a valvate aestivation ; the tube generally furnished 

 with 5 nerves (or more properly 10 united in pairs), which extend 

 from the base to the sinuses, where they divide, a branch coursing 

 along or near each margin to the apex of the lobes. Stamens as 

 many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them : the fila- 

 ments (distinct or united above) inserted into the tube : anthers linear, 

 coherent by their margins into a cylinder [syngenesious). Ovary 1- 

 celled, containing a single erect anatropous ovule : style (usually 

 undivided in the sterile flowers) 2-cleft ; the lobes or branches (incor- 

 rectly called stigmas) various in form, mostly flattish within, often 

 furnished with collecting hairs ; the proper stigmas occupying their 

 inner margins, in the form of glandular slightly prominent lines. 

 Fruit an indehiscent dry 1 -seeded pericarp (ackenium)^ crowned with 



