Vernonia. COMPOSITiE. 59 



6. V. angustifolia (Michx.) : stem slender, simple or branched, hairy be- 

 low; leaves numerous, sessile or nearly so, linear or narrowly lanceolate, 

 often pubescent especially on the midrib beneath ; the lower remotely serru- 

 late ; the n])permost with revolute margins, mostly entire ; cyme corymbose 

 or somewhat unibelliform, often simple; heads 15-25-flowered ; involucre 

 campanulate, shorter than the pappus ; tlie scales ovate or lanceolate, (he 

 exterior mostly loose and bracteolate, either mucronate or furnished with sub- 

 ulate or filiform points ; achenia minutely hispid on the ribs, much shorter 

 than the pappus. — Michx.! fi. 2. j)- 94. 



a. upper leaves slender, very narrowly linear, entire, glabrous or scabrous 

 (scales of the involucre either appendiculate or merely mucronate). — V. 

 angustifolia. Ell. sk. 2. p. 287 ; Less. I. c. ; DC. prodr. 5. j). 63. V. 

 fasciculata, DC! I. c, not o( Michx. Chrysocoma graminifolia, Walt.! 

 Car.jj. 196. 



/?. leaves lanceolate or linear, short, scabrous, especially above ; the lower 

 ones serrulate ; scales of the involucre mostly appendiculate. — V. scaberri- 

 ma, Nutl. ! gen. 2. p. 134 ; Ell. I. c. ; Less. I. c. ; DC. ! I. c. 



y. leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, elongated, very scabrous above ; 

 the lower ones remotely serrulate ; cymes often compound; scales of the in- 

 volucre nearly inappendiculate. 



Dry pine woods, N. Carolina! to Florida! (a. & /3.) y. Louisiana, Dr. 

 Hale! Texas, Drurmnond! June-Aug. — 21 Stem 1-3 feet high. Cyme 

 bearing 5-many (small) heads, either simple or compound, loose. Scales of 

 the involucre few. Pappus wliite or purplish. Corolla bright purple. 

 Achenia often glandular. — The lower leaves of the most narrow-leaved form 

 are veiny, as in the other varieties ; while the upper ones, being very narrow, 

 are only one-nerved. The original specimens of both V. angustifolia, 

 Michx., and V. scaberrima, Nutt., belong, if we mistake not, to precisely the 

 same form of this species. No reliance can be placed upon the appendages 

 of the involucral scales. 



7. V. ovalifoUa : stem simple, pubescent below, corymbose at the sum- 

 mit ; leaves oval or lanceolate-oblong, acute, sessile, sharply serrate, veiny, 

 nearly smooth and glabrous ; cyme corymbose-fastigiate, loose ; the heads 

 about 20-flowered ; involucre campanulate, much shorter tlian the pappus; 

 the scales ovate, appressed, mostly acute or somewhat mucronate ; achenia 

 a little hairy, much shorter than the pappus. 



Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! also near Fort King, Mr. Alden! — Stem 

 apparently 3-4 feet high, and rather stout, terete, finely striate above. 

 Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 1-2 or more wide. Heads rather numerous ; 

 the involucre and flowers much resembling those of V. angustifolia, but 

 mostly larger. Achenia glandular between the ribs : pappus purplish. 



8. V. Arkansana (DC): nearly glabrous; stem stout, simple, striate; 

 leaves numerous, lanceolate-linear, acute at each end, obscurely veined, ser- 

 rulate, punctate, especially above ; heads 6-10, in a simple umbelliform 

 cyme, the central one nearly sessile, subglobose, 50-60-flowered ; involucre 

 nearly as long as the pappus ; the scales very numerous, lanceolate, pubes- 

 cent and glandular, with spreading or squarrose subulate tips; achenia 

 strongly 10-ribbed, puberulent and minutely glandular, nearly the length of 

 the pappus. — DC. prod.r. 7. p. 264. 



Arkansas, Nutlall! Dr. Pitcher ! — The plant of De Candolle (which was 

 raised in the Geneva garden from seeds collected in Arkansas by Mr. Four- 

 tales) appears to be the same with ours. But he does not mention the size of 

 the heads, which in our plant when in fruit are nearly an inch in diameter; 

 and then depressed-globose ; and the pedicels are remarkably thickened at 

 the summit. Corolla violet-purple. Exterior pappus short, but copious. 



