ELEPHANT0PU3. COMPOSITE. 61 



long or lanceolate ; the floral ones ovate-oblong, or cordate-ovate (usually 

 longer than broad).— IVilld. spec. 3. p. 2390 (excl. syn.) ; NuLt.! gen. 

 2. p. 187,- Eli. sk. 2. ;;. 480 ; Less, in Linncea, 4. j>. 324 ; DC! prodr. 

 5. p. 86. E. scaber, Michx.! Ji. 2. p. 148; not of Linn., except as to syn. 

 Gronav. 



In dry soil, Pennsylvania ! to Florida ! and Louisiana ! July-Sept. — 

 Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves membranaceous; some of the floral leaves 

 often oblong, and longer than the glomerules. 



2. E. tomentosus (Linn.) : stem hirsute, nearly naked, simple, sparingly 

 dichotomous and corymbose at the summit ; leaves villous-tomentose beneath, 

 hirsute-pubescent above ; the radical ones large, obovate or oblong-spatulate, 

 obtuse, crenate, narrowed at the base, sessile ; the floral ones broadly ovate 

 or cordate ; scales of the involucre rigid. — Linn. ! spec. ed. I. p. 814, 8^ ed. 

 2. p. 1314, excl. syn. Brotone ; Pursh,Jl. 2. p. 582 ; Less. I. c. p. 326. E. 

 nudicaulis. Ell. sk. 2. p. 481 ; Poir. suppl. 2. p. 543 ; Hook, compan. to 

 hot. mag. 1. p. 96; DC! I. c. E. Carolinianus /?. simplex, Nutt. gen. 

 2. p. 187. 



S. Carolina ! to Florida ! Alabama ! Louisiana ! and Arkansas ! July- 

 Sept. — Stem 1-2 feet high, naked, or sometimes with a single leafbelow, re- 

 sembling the radical ones, and a small lanceolate leaf at each bifurcation of 

 the corymb; the floral leaves very broad, about tlie length of the glomer- 

 ules, villous-tomentose, or somewhat silky. Glomerules large. Heads 

 larger, and the scales more pubescent and rigid than in the preceding species. 

 — This is the original E. tomentosus of Linnaeus, as appears from the speci- 

 men of Clayton. It is more nearly allied to E. scaber than to E. Carolini- 

 anus, and Hooker thinks it is identical with the East Indian species. We 

 know not how it is to be distinguished from that species, except by its larger 

 and usually broader tomentose leaves, and more hairy involucre ; and we 

 have received from Western Louisiana a plant which exactly accords with 

 the East Indian E. scaber. 



3. E. scaber (Linn.) : stem somewhat dichotomous or corymbose above, 

 more or less hirsute ; leaves somewhat pubescent or hairy and scabrous ; the 

 radical ones cuneiform-spatulate or oblanceolate, crenulate, tapering to the 

 base, often petioled ; the cauline few and small, lanceolate ; the floral ones 

 cordate-ovate, hairy. — Liim. I. c, excl. syn. Gronov. Sfc. {Dill. Elili. I. 106) ; 

 Less. I. c. ; DC ! p>^odr. 5. p. 86. 



Near Alexandria, Louisiana, Dr. Hale ! — Stem slender, 12-18 inches 

 high, with only 2 or 3 very small cauline leaves; the radical ones about 6 

 inches long, an inch or a little more in width towards the summit, slightly 

 scabrous and pubescent. Glomerules small. — The plant exactly accords 

 with specimens from China and the peninsula of India. We can make lit- 

 tle use of Lessing's character derived from the venation of the floral leaves 

 and scales of the involucre. 



Subtribe 2. Pectide^, Less. — Heads radiate. Branches of the style in 

 the perfect flowers obtuse. — Leaves usually opposite. Flowers of the xan- 

 thic series (mostly yellow). 



4. XANTHISMA. DC prodr. 5. p. 94. 



Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers (neutral ? or pistillate ?) entire ; 

 those of the disk perfect. Involucre hemispherical ; the scales imbricated, 

 appressed, coriaceous, nearly oval, very obtuse. Receptacle flmbrillate; 

 the fimbrillas lacerate, about the length of the achenium. Corolla of the disk 



