Aster. COMPOSlTiE. 107 



the rays pale violet, disk brownish-yellow : scales of the involucre oblong, 

 acute, nearly equalling the disk. — According to Nees, who examined a spe- 

 cimen in the Willdenovian herbarium, the stem is glabrous, and the closely 

 imbricated scales of the involucre ovate-oblong, rather acute. — The specimen 

 in the Schweinitzian herbarium resembles a very dwarf state of A. Radula, 

 with which it accords in its pappus and narrow glabrous achenia ; but the 

 more membranaceous scales of the involucre are much fewer in number, 

 acute, and nearly equal in length. 



5. A. montanus (Richards.) : rhizoma creeping ; stems pubescent or vil- 

 lous below, tomentose and mostly corymbose at the summit, leafy ; leaves 

 oblong, serrate, veiny, soinewhat hairy beneath, sessile ; the lowermost some- 

 what spatulate, the upper lanceolate ; scales of the campanulate-hemi- 

 spherical involucre canescently tomentose, lanceolate, acute, unequal, closely 

 imbricated in 3 or more series, with herbaceous spreading summits ; rays 

 narrow, numerous; achenia linear, elongated, many-ribbed, sparsely hir- 

 sute. — Ricliards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 32, not of NuU. A. 

 Richardsonii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 528 ; Nees, Ast. p. 30 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.- 

 Am. 2. p. 7 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 229. A. Sibiricus, Turcz. ! in herb. Hook. 



j3. giganteus : stem large and stout, more tomentose ; leaves ample, more 

 deeply and sharply serrate, pubescent-tomentose beneath. — A. Richardsonii 

 /3. giganteus. Hook. ! I. c. 



y. arcticus : stems smaller, often simple and bearing a solitary head; 

 scales of the more simple involucre fewer ; the exterior more foliaceous and 

 as long as the disk. — A. salsuginosus ? Less. ! in Linncea, 6. p>. 124. A. 

 Espenbergensis, Nees! Ast. p. 36 ; DC..' I.e. A. Sibiricus, Fischer! in 

 herb. Hook. 



Barren country from lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea, Richardson ! Rocky 

 Mountains, Drummond ! Also in Siberia {Herb. Pall, fide Richards. (^ 

 herb. Hook. ! ex Turcz.) /^. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, 

 Richardson! y. Kotzebue's Sound, &c. C/z.«7?(isso / Capt. Becchey ! — Stem 

 varying from 5 inches to a foot or more (in jS. 2 feet) in height, often branched 

 at the base, usually simply corymbose at the summit ; the tomentose erect 

 peduncles thickened under the heads. Leaves 1 to 3 inches long, feather- 

 veined, either obscurely or conspicuously serrate -with pointed teeth. Heads 

 as large as in A. alpinus : the involucre, in the fully developed states, broadly 

 cainpanulate rather than hemispherical, at first about the length of the disk, 

 but mostly shorter than the pappus ; the exterior scales successively shorter 

 and more herbaceous; the inner with purple summits; in [3. all rather looser 

 and less unequal ; in y. witli the exterior more foliaceous and lax or bracteo- 

 late, equalling or exceeding the innermost, so as to resemble an Alpigenous 

 Aster. Receptacle alveolate. Rays apparently purple, much longer than 

 the disk ; the corolla of the disk turning purple. Appendages of the style 

 lanceolate-oblong, rather obtuse. Pappus copious, reddish-brown when old, 

 unequal, some of the longest series slightly thickened at the summit. Achenia 

 attenuated, strongly striate, Sjiarsely hairy wlien mature. — A well-marked 

 species, with the involucre of the section Anielli, and the achenia and pap- 

 pus of Biotia, or of most species of Calliastrum ; but in the extremely re- 

 duced arctic forms, the involucre simulates an Alpigenous Aster, which the 

 larger states are very unlike, although an approach to this form is occasionally 

 presented. The var. /3. is a larger, coarser, and much more tomentose state, 

 with the leaves often an inch and a half wide, resembling A. conspicuus, 

 except as to pubescence. 



6. A. conspicuus (Lindl.) : stem stout, strict, corymbose at the summit; the 

 branches erect, minutely pubescent, mostly leafless and bearing single heads; 

 leaves oblong or broadly lanceolate, acute, serrate with coarse spreading 

 teeth, slightly jiubescent and scabrous, sessile ; the lower narrowed at the 



