Aster. COMPOSIT^E. 143 



t Scales of the involucre imbricated, with squarrose-reflexed foliaceous summits. 



66. A. grandijiorus (Linn.) : hispid with sharp rough liairs ; stem stout, 

 racemosely branched or compound ; leaves linear-spatulate, obtuse, mucro- 

 nulate, closely sessile, reflexed or recurved, very rough, numerous ; those of 

 the branches small, oblong-linear or lanceolate ; heads (very large) solitary, 

 terminating the branches ; scales of the involucre similar to the uppermost 

 leaves, imbricated in several series, the summits squarrose-reflexed ; achenia 

 strigose-hirsute. — Linn. spec. 2. p. 877 ; {Gronov. ! jl. Virg. ed. l.p.99 ; Mill, 

 ic. t. 282 ;) Hoffm. phytogr. hi. p. 65, t. A, f. 1 ; Michx.! Jl. 2. p. Ill ; 

 Pursh, fl. 2. p. 550 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 344 ; Lindl. hot. reg. t. 273 ; Nees, Ast. 

 p. 60 ; DC! prodr. b. p. 232. A. grandiflorus asper, squamis reflexis. Dill. 

 JElth. t. 36, /. 41. A. asperrimus, Null.! in trans. Aincr. phil. soc. {n. ser.) 

 7. p. 293. 



Dry soil, in the mountains and upper country of Virginia! North Caroli- 

 na I and Georgia ! apparently not common ; cultivated for more than a cen- 

 tury in European gardens. Sept.-Nov. — Stem and branches rigid. Leaves 

 very small in proportion to the heads ; the lower 1-2 inches, those of the 

 branches often less than half an inch in length, thickish, somewhat papillose, 

 and hispid with very sharp rigid hairs. Heads of the cultivated plant per- 

 haps the largest of the genus ; in indigenous specimens frequently not larger 

 than in A. spectabilis, slightly viscid. Scales of the involucre much more 

 numerous in the cultivated than in the indigenous plant, and with longer and 

 narrower squarrose foliaceous appendages, slightly viscid ; the chartaceous 

 base appressed. Rays large, violet. — In habit, the wild plant approachea 

 the section Calliastrum. 



67. A. Carolinianus (Walt.) : minutely or'canescently pubescent ; stem suf- 

 frutescent, much branched, diffuse or decumbent, flexuous; the heads some- 

 what racemose or scattered ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire (or serrate on 

 the sterile branches), attenuate to each end, very sharply acuminate, the 

 narrowed base abruptly dilated and auriculate-clasping at the insertion ; 

 scales of the involucre linear, canescent, imbricated in several series, une- 

 qual, with short foliaceous squarrose-reflexed tips ; achenia narrow, ribbed, 

 glabrous.— W^aZ<. Car. p. 208 ; Michx.! Jl. 2. p. Ill ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 550 ; 

 Null.! gen. 2. p. 156; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 353; Nees, Ast. p. 48; DC! prodr. 

 5. p. 232. A. scandens, Jacq. /., in Sj^reng. syst. 3. p. 524. 



In swamps and moist thickets, South Carolina ! to Georgia! and Florida ! 

 Sept.-Oct. — Stem often trailing or supported by other plants, and attaining 

 the height of 8 to 12 feet, very pubescent when young, not viscid nor glandu- 

 lar ; the showy heads (as large as in A. patens) mostly solitary on short 

 branchlets or peduncles, scattered. Leaves 1 to 3 inches long, clothed with 

 a minute and close soft pubescence, or nearly canescent when young, or the 

 upper surface slightly scabrous when old, produced to a very sharp acuminate 

 point ; the lowermost narrowed towards the base, as if petioled, but dilated 

 at the insertion. Scales of the involucre rather rigid, not glandular or viscid, 

 appressed except the squarrose tips; the exterior shorter and with the short 

 tips slightly dilated ; the interior narrowly linear, as long as the disk. Rays 

 bright purjde (Ell.), or often purplish rose-color, numerous; the disk turning 

 purplish. Achenia linear, 10-ribbed, slightly puberulent when young, but 

 perfectly glabrous when mature. Pappus turning reddish-brown. — The 

 leaves of the young sterile branches are sometimes coarsely toothed. 



68. A. ohlongifolius (Nutt.) : stem much branched, diffuse or divaricate, 

 somewhat hairy ; the branchlets loose, paniculate-corymbose, and with the 

 involucre and uppermost leaves more or less glandular or granular-scabrous; 

 leaves narrowly oblong or lanceolate, mucronulate-acuminate, entire, i)artly 

 clasping, somewhat scabrous ; scales of the involucre numerous, broadly 

 linear, somewhat unequal, appressed at the base, with elongated and squar- 



